Professor Emeritus
Electromagnetics, RF & Microwaves
Office: ECOT 256
Historical Papers Related to Metamaterials
Here are some papers which appeared long before the advent of artificial dielectrics, bandgap materials or metamaterials. In some cases they have been translated into English to make them accessible to a wider audience. I will add to these as time permits.
- Investigation of the solution of a system of partial differential equations with periodic coefficients, by A. Potier (1872)
- Growth of a Wave-group when the Group-velocity is Negative, by H. C. Pocklington (1905)
- On the propagation of light in media with periodic structure, by H. Chipart (1924)
- Lectures on Certain Problems in the Theory of Oscillations, by L. I. Mandel’shtam (1944)
- Group velocity in a crystal lattice, by L. I. Mandel'shtam (1945)
- Molecular theory of the reflection and refraction of light, by D. V. Sivukhin (1948)
Electromagnetics Group at CU Boulder - Technical Reports (1961-94)
- Scientific Report No. 3 (AFCRL-1111, AD-282918): Stationary principles for operator equations with applications to electromagnetic theory, by R. Mittra (27 November 1961)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 1: Modal and coupling characteristics of inhomogeneous dielectric slab waveguides - Part I: Lossless slabs, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (July, 1973)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 2: Reduction of radiation loss in a curved dielectric slab waveguide, by D. C. Chang and F. S. Barnes (July, 1973)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 3: Electromagnetic characteristics of a horizontal wire above a dissipative earth - Part I: Propagation of transmission-line and fast-wave modes, by R. G. Olsen and D. C. Chang (October, 1973)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 4: VLF and ELF propagation along a horizontal wire located above or buried in the earth, by D. C. Chang (October, 1973)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 5: Electromagnetic characteristics of a horizontal wire above a dissipative earth - Part II: Excitation of the infinitely long antenna, by R. G. Olsen and D. C. Chang (February, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 6: Electromagnetic characteristics of a horizontal wire above a dissipative earth - Part III: Analysis of semi-infinite and finite thin-wire antennas, by R. G. Olsen and D. C. Chang (February, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 7: Modal and coupling characteristics of inhomogeneous dielectric slab waveguides - Part II: Lossy slabs and pulse dispersion, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (April, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 8: Solution of electromagnetic problems using the modified residue calculus and functional theoretic techniques, by J. P. Montgomery and D. C. Chang (June, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 9: Non-degenerate surface-wave mode coupling of a system of dielectric waveguides, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (October, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 10: Radiation from a circular bend between two discontinuities in a dielectric slab waveguide, by S. W. Maley (December, 1974)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 11: General theory of surface-wave propagation on a curved optical waveguide of arbitrary cross-section, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (February, 1975)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 12: Microwave model study of optical dielectric slab waveguide, by H. A. Haddad, S. W. Maley and D. C. Chang (March, 1975)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 13: Surface wave mode coupling of straight and curved dielectric optical waveguides, by D. C. Chang, S. W. Maley and F. S. Barnes (January, 1975)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 14: Electromagnetic response of a current pulse propagating along a vertical lightning channel, by D. C. Chang, H. A. Haddad and S. W. Maley (October, 1975)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 15: Transient response of a current pulse propagating along a vertical channel above earth, by H. A. Haddad and D. C. Chang (December, 1975)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 16: Radiation of a surface wave from a curvature discontinuity in an impedance surface - Part I: Convex bend, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (January, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 17: Electromagnetic penetration into cylindrical enclosures, by C. T. Johnk, D. C. Chang, S. Sandness and L. Rispin (January, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 18: Radiation from a circular bend between two discontinuities in dielectric slab waveguides and in circular, cylindrical dielectric waveguides, by S. W. Maley (June, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 19: A general theory on small, radiating apertures in the outer sheath of a coaxial cable, by D. C. Chang (July, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 20: Simple expressions for current on a thin cylindrical receiving antenna, by D. C. Chang, S. W. Lee and L. Rispin (December, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 21 (RADC-TR-76-287): Modal representation of a horizontal wire above a finitely conducting earth, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (September, 1976)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 22: Field computation of an arbitrarily-oriented dipole above a layered earth, by H. A. Haddad and D. C. Chang (February, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 23 (RADC-TR-77-108): Modal characteristics of single and dual wires located over a dissipative earth, by D. C. Chang (March, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 24 (RADC-TR-77-81): Characteristics of discrete propagation modes on a system of horizontal wires over a dissipative earth, by S. W. Plate, D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (February, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 25 (RADC-TR-77-228): Propagating modes along a thin wire located above a grounded dielectric slab, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (May, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 26: A new EM sensor for the detection of roof thickness in a coal mine, by D. C. Chang (September, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 27: Three papers on the wire above earth problem, translated with corrections from the Russian by E. F. Kuester (October, 1977)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 28: An analytic theory for narrow open microstrip, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (May, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 29: Electromagnetic penetration into a finite coaxial cylinder with a recessed inner conductor, by L. Rispin and D. C. Chang (June, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 30: Conceptual studies of intrusion detection systems using leaky transmission lines, by S. W. Maley (March, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 31 (RADC-TR-78-76): Excitation of current on an infinite horizontal wire over the earth by an arbitrary electric dipole source, by A. Hoorfar, E.F. Kuester and D. C Chang (March, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 32 (RADC-TR-78-77): Propagating modes on a buried leaky coaxial cable, by S. W. Plate, D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (March, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 33: Detectability of objects in the vicinity of two-wire intrusion sensing systems: Theoretical Studies, by S. W. Maley (June, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 34: On two staggered, parallel loop antennas, by A. S. Abulkassem and D. C. Chang (June, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 35: Theory of dispersion in microstrip of arbitrary width, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (September, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 36: The E-plane taper junction in rectangular waveguide, by L. Lewin (October, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 37: Radiation from microstrip discontinuities, by M. D. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (November, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 38: A unified theory for thin-wire antennas of arbitrary length, by L. Rispin and D. C. Chang (February, 1980)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 39: Propagation in twisted square waveguide, by L. Lewin and T. Ruehle (December, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 40: The use of effective aperture relations for the calculation of the input conductance of electrically small antenna, by D. C. Chang and L. W. Rispin (June, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 41: Analytical bases for electromagnetic sensing of coal properties, by J. R. Wait (editor), D. C. Chang, R. J. Lytle, M. A. Ralston, K. R. Umashankar and R. C. Wittmann (December, 1978)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 42: Structure of the electromagnetic field of a vertical electric dipole and of vertical antennas in the space above a plane earth, by G. N. Krylov and G. I. Makarov; translated from the Russian by E. F. Kuester (January, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 43: Evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals associated with dipole sources above earth, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (January, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 44: Transient electromagnetic field generated by a vertical electric dipole on the surface of a dissipative earth, by H. Haddad and D. C. Chang (February, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 45: Fundamental propagation modes on a dielectric waveguide of arbitrary cross section, by R. C. Pate and E. F. Kuester (February, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 46: Propagation of radio waves in a coal seam in the presence of a conducting cable, by D. C. Chang and J. R. Wait (April, 1979; revised)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 47: Diffraction by a dielectric wedge, by L. Lewin and I. Sreenivasiah (January, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 48: A study of rain effects on electromagnetic waves in the 1-600 GHz range, by C. H. Zufferey (1972; reprinted 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 49: Dielectric image line coupling, by M. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (May, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 50: Total and partial reflection from the end of a parallel plate waveguide with an extended dielectric slab, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (December, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 51: Resonance characteristics of a rectangular microstrip antenna, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (March, 1980)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 52: Dielectric image line coupler, by M. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (December, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 53: On optimum excitation of ground waves, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (December, 1979)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 54: A hybrid method for paraxial beam propagation in multimode optical waveguides, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (January, 1980)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 55: Analytic determination of the transient response of a thin-wire antenna based upon a SEM representation - Part I: Unloaded antenna, by A. Hoorfar and D. C. Chang (July, 1981; with corrections to the original)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 56 was never issued
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 57: Investigation of electromagnetic fields in mine environments, by J. R. Wait, D. A. Hill and D. C. Chang (May, 1980)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 58: Differentiation of line integrals, by S. W. Maley (January, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 59: Differentiation of surface integrals, by S. W. Maley (January, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 60: Differentiation of line, surface, and volume integrals, by S. W. Maley (March, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 61: Dielectric line coupler using only curved sections, by M. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (March, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 62: Imaging and coupling of two parallel slab waveguides, by G. S.Dow (January, 1981) - 2.1 MB
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 63: Workshop report on modern millimeter wave systems, by D. C. Chang and R. Mittra (May, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 64: Radiation loss from a curved dielectric channel waveguide in a dense substrate, by E. F. Kuester, R. L. Holland and D. C. Chang (June, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 65: Dielectric line coupler (Final report), by M. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (May, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 66: Selected topics in vector calculus, by S. W. Maley (August, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 67: Design, construction, and measurement of a 3 dB dielectric directional coupler, by M. Abouzahra and L. Lewin (October, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 68: Microwave model of a dielectric slab waveguide, by R. F. German (November, 1981)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 69: Input impedance to a probe-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna, by J. Venkataraman and D. C. Chang (November, 1982)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 70: Aperture admittance and dispersion characteristics of an open-end microstrip transmission line, by R. T. Johnk (March, 1982)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 71: Characteristics of single- and multi-mode optical waveguides, by D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester (April, 1982)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 72: The transient electromagnetic field of a pulsed line source located above a dispersively reflecting surface, by E. F. Kuester (October, 1982)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 73: Coupled mode theory of two non-parallel dielectric waveguides, by M. A. McHenry and D. C. Chang (January, 1983)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 74: A method of avoiding the edge current divergence in perturbation loss calculations, by L. Lewin (April, 1983)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 75: SEM analysis of lossless loaded transmission lines, by A. Hoorfar and D. C. Chang (June, 1983)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 76: The far-field radiation characteristics of a resonant conducting ring on a grounded dielectric substrate, by R. L. Holland and E. F. Kuester (September, 1983)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 77 was never issued
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 78: A study of triangular microstrip antennas, by Y. Tu (September, 1983)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 79: Double variational evaluation of linear antenna current, by N. A. Kuester (May, 1985)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 80: A unified approach to the derivation of bivariational principles in acoustics and electromagnetics, by E. F. Kuester and D. C. Chang (second printing with revisions, August, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 81: A note on the edge admittance of a wide microstrip patch with electrically thin substrate, by E. F. Kuester, D. C. Chang and T. M. Martinson (July, 1985)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 82: Explicit approximations for the static capacitance of a microstrip patch of arbitrary shape, by E. F. Kuester (March, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 83: Cross-polarization level in radiation from a microstrip dipole antenna, by A. Hoorfar, K. C. Gupta and D. C. Chang (July, 1985)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 84: Line parameters of coplanar strips used as electro-optic modulator electrodes, by E. F. Kuester, D. C. Chang and F. S. Quazi (May, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 85: Two dimensional analysis of one-port and two-port rectangular microstrip antennas, by A. Benalla and K. C. Gupta (May, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 86: The fundamental properties of transversely periodic lossy waveguides, by E. F. Kuester (August, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 87: The edge admittance of a wide microstrip patch seen by an obliquely incident wave, by T. M. Martinson and E. F. Kuester (January, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 88: Effects of cover layer on radiation and surface waves of a microstrip patch antenna, by A. Hoorfar, K. C. Gupta and D. C. Chang (September, 1986)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 89: Numerical computation of the incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integral Je0(a,z), by S. L. Dvorak and E. F. Kuester (November, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 90: A two-port rectangular microstrip antenna element, by A. Derneryd (July, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 91: A generalized edge boundary condition for open microstrip structures, by T. M. Martinson and E. F. Kuester (August, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 92: Low-frequency properties of transversely periodic lossy waveguides, by E. F. Kuester (October, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 93: Design of a low side lobe short series fed linear array of microstrip patches, by A. Benalla and K. C. Gupta (October, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 94: Fast numerical computation of the input impedance and electric field distribution for a printed strip dipole in a layered medium, by S. L. Dvorak and E. F. Kuester (April, 1989)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 95: Born-type reconstruction of material parameters of an inhomogeneous, lossy dielectric slab from reflected-field data, by A. G. Tijhuis (December, 1987)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 96: Planar analysis and optimization of microstrip discontinuities, by H. J. Maramis and K. C. Gupta (March, 1988)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 97: Plane-wave reflection from inhomogeneous uniaxially anisotropic absorbing dielectric layers, by E. F. Kuester and C. L. Holloway (May, 1989)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 98: Broadbanding techniques for microstrip patch antennas - A review, by K. C. Gupta (December, 1988)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 99: Modeling semi-anechoic electromagnetic measurement chambers, by C. L. Holloway and E. F. Kuester (August, 1990)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 100: Design procedure for linear series-fed arrays of microstrip patches covered with a thick dielectric layer, by A. Benalla and K. C. Gupta (September, 1989)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 101: Measurement techniques for determining the reflection coefficient and complex permittivity for pyramid cone absorbers, by C. L. Holloway and E. F. Kuester (August, 1990)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 102: A bivariational analysis of the orthogonal microstrip-slotline crossover, by A. A. M. Anger (August, 1989)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 103: Excitation of magnetic cavities by magnetic current sources: Applications to microstrip circuits in metallic enclosures and electromagnetically fed microstrip patches, by D. F. Hunter and K. C. Gupta (May, 1989)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 104: Homogenization of electromagnetic strip gratings, by R. R. DeLyser and E. F. Kuester (May, 1990)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 105: Design of backing layers for pyramid absorbers to minimize low frequency reflection, by H. T. Gibbons (July, 1990; reprinted with corrections, July, 1992)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 106: User's manual for the LFabs system, by H. T. Gibbons (July, 1990)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 107: Guided waves along a metal grating on the surface of a grounded dielectric slab, by F. Bellamine and E. F. Kuester (August, 1990)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 108 was never issued
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 109: Design and analysis of series-fed arrays of gap-coupled rectangular microstrip patches, by A. Benalla and K. C. Gupta (September, 1992)
- EM Laboratory Scientific Report No. 110: High-efficiency class-E microwave amplifiers, by T. Mader and Z. Popović (March, 1994)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 1: Planar model characterization of compensated microstrip bends, by H. J. Maramis and K. C. Gupta (March, 1989)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 2: A simple method to account for edge shape in the conductor loss in microstrip, by E. L. Barsotti, E. F. Kuester and J. M. Dunn (November, 1989)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 3: Calculation of transmission line parameters and electric field distribution of coplanar electrodes on layered dielectric substrates, by P. S. Weitzman, J. M. Dunn and A. R. Mickelson (May, 1990)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 4: Strip edge shape effects on conductor loss calculations using the Lewin/Vainshtein method, by E. L. Barsotti, E. F. Kuester and J. M. Dunn (May, 1990)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 5: Effect of strip edge shape on microstrip conductor loss, by E. L. Barsotti (July, 1990)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 6: Multiport network model for evaluating radiation loss and spurious coupling among discontinuities in microwave circuits, by A. Sabban and K. C. Gupta (January, 1991)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 7: Electromagnetic modeling of microstrip circuit discontinuities and antennas of arbitrary shape, by J.-X. Zheng (January, 1991)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 8: Electromagnetic modeling of coplanar waveguide discontinuities, by S.Petrakos (August, 1991)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 9: Electromagnetic modeling of coplanar stripline discontinuities, by D.Jahn (August, 1991)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 10: Modeling and sensitivity analysis of parasitic coupling in microstrip circuits, by A. Prothe and K. C. Gupta (August, 1991)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 11: Two-layer circuit elements suitable for integration with monolithic MICs, by A. J. Vergamini and K. C. Gupta (January, 1992)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 12: Edge and surface shape effects on conductor loss associated with planar circuits, by C. L. Holloway (April, 1992)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 13: A perturbational solution methodology for solving integral equations of microstrip circuit discontinuities, by J. C. Moore (May, 1992)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 14: Microstrip patch antenna configurations suitable for integration in monolithic and hybrid microwave circuits, by R. Parrikar and K. C. Gupta (July, 1992)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 15: Effects of packages on spurious couplings among microstrip discontinuities, by S. H. Lee and K. C. Gupta (May, 1992)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 16: Software validation project, by D. I. Wu and R. J. Furlow (April, 1993)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 17: Experimentally verifiable modeling of coplanar waveguide discontinuities, by V. Radišić (May, 1993)
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 18 was never issued
- MIMICAD Technical Report No. 19: Field analysis, network modeling and circuit applications of inhomogeneous multi-conductor transmission lines, by E. C. Tsai and K. C. Gupta (December, 1993)
- EM Laboratory Technical Report (RADC-TR-76-373): On the validity of the thin-wire approximation in analysis of wave propagation along a wire over a ground, by R. J. Pogorzelski and D. C. Chang (December, 1976)
- CIRES Translation Report: On a relation permitting replacement of summation by integration, and its application to some problems of diffraction theory, by M. I. Kontorovich and V. P. Akimov; translated from the Russian by E. F. Kuester (Summer, 1978)
- Frequency-dependent definitions of microstrip characteristic impedance, by E. F. Kuester, D. C. Chang and L. Lewin, International URSI Symposium on Electromagnetic Waves, Munich, 26-29 August, 1980
Some thoughts on energy
Energy remains an important thing to understand. Here are some insights that have been put forward over the years on this subject:
"The interpretation just given [of Poynting's theorem] suggests several comments. In the first place, the present authors are not able to ascribe any significance whatever to the phrase 'localized energy.' They do not believe that 'Where?' is a fair or sensible question to ask concerning energy. Energy is a function of configuration, just as the beauty of a certain black-and-white design is a function of configuration. The authors see no more reason or excuse for speaking of a spatial energy density than they would for saying, in the case of a design, that its beauty was distributed over it with a certain density. Such a view would lead one to assign to a perfectly blank square inch in one portion of the design a certain amount of beauty, and to an equally blank square inch in another portion a certain different amount of beauty." — Max Mason and Warren Weaver, The Electromagnetic Field. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929, pp. 266-267.
"However mysterious energy (and its flux) may be in some of its theoretical aspects, there must be something in it, because it is convertible into dollars, the ultimate official measure of value." — Oliver Heaviside, "Electromagnetic theory - L," The Electrician, vol. 31, p. 91 (1893)