Title: System-level engineering of broadband transmit beamforming networks
Integrated broadband transmit phased array design challenges engineers due to the many variables involved, e.g., evaluation of performance metrics and different component tuning ranges. The antenna elements' active impedance and the active devices' nonlinearities will propagate through the front-end chain, affecting array performance over scanning directions, frequencies, and power levels. Nonetheless, integrated broadband transmit phased arrays present unique challenges for experimental characterization. Due to the difficulty of accessing terminals of individual components and the impossibility of adding sensors at key points of the beamforming circuits, designers must rely on simulation results for debugging/troubleshooting their prototypes. Co-simulation techniques must be considered to tackle this complex design problem, including using full-wave, harmonic balance, and system-level tools. However, a comprehensive analysis of each component’s performance and model limitations must be considered. Also, an initial understanding of component performance sensitivity versus resulting mismatch is key for a reliable simulation and resilient design. Of course, all this also depends on the operating power level. This seminar will cover the main concepts used to evaluate the effect of nonlinearities on broadband transmit phased-array figures of merit, namely EIRP, overall efficiency, and linearity, using co-simulations as a framework. The analysis is described in the context of scanning directions, bandwidth, and power variation. Different modulation schemes are considered, and a slow power amplifier (PA) supply voltage variation is included. Useful system-level simulations must include the interaction of all the components in the feed network and antenna, presenting numerous challenges. For example, effects of the corporate feed network line lengths and isolation between ports; phase-shifter mismatch and nonlinearities; AM/AM and AM/PM and IMDs of the PAs over bandwidth and power level; effects of antenna element coupling and cross-talk; and finally effects of component failure.
Laila Fighera Marzall received her B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Maria in 2006; her M.S. in electrical engineering from Aeronautics Institute of Technology, ITA, in 2009, in Brazil, and her Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 2022. She currently works as a Postdoctoral Associate at the University of Colorado Boulder Microwave Group. Her research is focused on broadband phased arrays and non-reciprocal devices, like circulators and phase shifters, as well as MMIC power amplifiers. She is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a URSI Associate Member.