For copies please email: karl.linden@colorado.edu

Notes: Names in Bold from Linden’s Lab, * indicates Linden is corresponding author.

  1. Hull, N., Herold, W., *Linden, K.G. (2019) UV LED water disinfection: Validation and small system demonstration study. AWWA Water Science 1 (4), e1148
  2. Mattos, K., King, E., Lucas, C., Snyder, E.H., Dotson, A., Linden, K.G. (2019) Rainwater catchments in rural Alaska have the potential to produce high-quality water and high quantities of water for household use. Journal of Water and Health, Vol. 17, No. 5: 788–800
  3. Barstow, C., Bluffstone, R., Silon, K., Linden, K., Thomas, E. (2019) A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Livelihood, Environmental and Health Benefits of a Large Scale Water Filter and Cookstove Distribution in Rwanda. Development Engineering, Vol. 4, 100043.
  4. Sholtes, K., *Linden, K.G. (2019) Pulsed and continuous light UV LED: microbial inactivation, electrical, and time efficiency. Water Research, Vol. 165, DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114965
  5. Sholtes, K., Keliher, R., *Linden, K.G. (2019) Standardization of a UV LED Peak Wavelength, Emission Spectrum, and Irradiance Measurement and Comparison Protocol. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, No. 16, 9755- 9763. DI 10.1021/acs.est.9b02567
  6. Olaerts, L., Walters, J.P., Linden, K.G.. Javernick-Will, A., Harvey, A (2019) Factors Influencing Revenue Collection for Preventative Maintenance of Community Water Systems: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 13, 3726, DOI 10.3390/su11133726
  7. Woo, H., Beck, SE, Boczek, LA., Carlson, KM, Brinkman, NE, Linden, KG, Lawal, OR, Hayes, SL, Ryu, H. (2019) Efficacy of Inactivation of Human Enteroviruses by Dual-Wavelength Germicidal Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Water, Vol. 11, fNo. 6, DOI 10.3390/w11061131
  8. Westerhoff, P., Boyer, T, Linden, K. (2019) Emerging Water Technologies: Global Pressures Force Innovation toward Drinking Water Availability and Quality. Accounts of Chemical Research. Vol. 52, No. 5, 1146-1147. DOI 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00133
  9. *Linden, K.G., Hull, N., Speight, V. (2019) Thinking Outside the Treatment Plant: UV for Water Distribution System Disinfection. Accounts of Chemical Research. Vol. 52, No. 5, 1226-1233. DI 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00060
  10. Miklos, DB, Wang, WL, Linden, KG, Drewes, E, Hubner, U (2019) Comparison of UV-AOPs (UV/H2O2, UV/PDS and UV/Chlorine) for TOrC removal from municipal wastewater effluent and optical surrogate model evaluation. Chemical Engineering Journal. Vol. 362, 537-547. DI 10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.041
  11. Hull, N.M., Rosenblum, J.S., Robertson, C.E., Harris, J.K., *Linden, K.G. (2018) Succession of toxicity and microbiota in hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water in the Denver–Julesburg Basin. Science of The Total Environment 644, 183-192
  12. Hafford, L.M., Ward, B.J., Weimer, A.W., *Linden, K.G. (2018) Fecal sludge as a fuel: characterization, cofire limits, and evaluation of quality improvement measures. Water Science and Technology 78 (12), 2437-2448
  13. Hull, N.M., *Linden, K.G. (2018) Synergy of MS2 disinfection by sequential exposure to tailored UV wavelengths. Water Research 143, 292-300
  14. Ulliman, S.L., McKay, G., Rosario-Ortiz, F.L., *Linden, K.G. (2018) Low levels of iron enhance UV/H2O2 efficiency at neutral pH. Water Research 130, 234-242
  15. Sitterley, K.A., Linden, K.G., Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M. (2018) Identification of Proprietary Amino Ethoxylates in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater Using Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Extraction, Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90(18) 10927-10934, 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02439
  16. Jones, C.H., Shilling, E.G., Linden, K.G., Cook, S.M. (2018) Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Disinfection Technologies Used in Small Drinking Water Systems. Environmental Science & Technology 52 (5), 2998-3007
  17. Ulliman, S.L., Miklos, D.B., Hübner, U., Drewes, J.E., *Linden K.G. (2018) Improving UV/H2O2 performance following tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4 (9) 1321-1330
  18. Nihemaiti, M., Miklos, D.M., Hübner, U., Linden, K.G., Drewes, J.E., Croué, J.P. (2018) Removal of trace organic chemicals in wastewater effluent by UV/H2O2 and UV/PDS, Water Research 145: 487-497
  19. Yacob, T.W., *Linden, K.G., Weimer, A.W. (2018) Pyrolysis of human feces: Gas yield analysis and kinetic modeling, Waste Management 79, 214-222
  20. Miklos, D.B., Hartl, R., Michel, P., Linden, K.G., Drewes, J.E., Hübner, U. (2018) UV/H2O2 process stability and pilot-scale validation for trace organic chemical removal from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Water Research 136, 169-179
  21. Beck, Sara E.; Hull, Natalie M.; Poepping, Christopher; Linden, Karl G. (2018) Wavelength-Dependent Damage to Adenoviral Proteins Across the Germicidal UV Spectrum, Environmental Science & Technology, JAN 2 2018, 2018, 52 (1) 223-229, 10.1021/acs.est.7b04602
  22. Miklos, D.B., Remy, C., Jekel, M., Linden, K.G., Drewes, J.E., Hübner, U. (2018) Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment–A critical review. Water Research 139: 118-131
  23. Ike, I.A., Linden, K.G., Orbell, J.D., Duke, M. (2018) Critical review of the science and sustainability of persulphate advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engineering Journal 338: 651-669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.034
  24. Nelson, K.L., Boehm, A.B., Davies-Colley, R.J., Dodd, M.C., Kohn, T., Linden, K.G. …. (2018) Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 20 (8), 1089-1122
  25. Rosenblum, J. Nelson A.W., Ruyle, B., Schultz, M.K., Ryan J.N., *Linden K.G. (2017) “Temporal characterization of flowback and produced water quality from a hydraulically fractured oil and gas well” Science of the Total Environment 596-597:369-377.
  26. Dischinger, S.M., Rosenblum, J., Noble, R.D., Gin, D.L., *Linden, K.G. (2017) “Application of a lyotropic liquid crystal nanofiltration membrane for hydraulic fracturing flowback water: Selectivity and implications for treatment” Journal of Membrane Science 543, 319-327
  27. Parker AM, Lester Y, Spangler EK, von Gunten U, *Linden KG. (2017) "UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation for abatement of organophosphorous pesticides and the effects on various toxicity screening assays." Chemosphere. 182: 477-482.
  28. Hull NM, Isola MR, Petri B, Chan P-S, *Linden KG. (2017) "Algal DNA Repair Kinetics Support Culture-Based Enumeration for Validation of Ultraviolet Disinfection Ballast Water Treatment Systems." Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 4 (5): 192-196.
  29. Garkusheva N, Matafonova G, Tsenter I, Beck S, Batoev V, Linden K. (2017) "Simultaneous atrazine degradation and E-coli inactivation by simulated solar photo-Fenton-like process using persulfate." Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering. 52 (9): 849-855.
  30. Silva MP, Lastre-Acosta AM, Mostafa S, McKay G, Linden KG, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Silva Costa Teixeira AC. (2017) "Photochemical generation of reactive intermediates from urban-waste bio-organic substances under UV and solar irradiation." Environmental Science And Pollution Research. 24 (22): 18470-18478.
  31. *Linden, K. and Murphy J.R. (2017). Physical Disinfectants. In: J.B. Rose and B. Jiménez-Cisneros, (eds) Global Water Pathogens Project, (C. Haas (eds) Part 4 Management of Risk from Excreta and Wastewater) Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, UNESCO. Open Source, web published Peer-reviewed review paper.
  32. Rosenblum J.S., Thurman E.M., Ferrer I., Aiken, G., *Linden K.G. (2017) “Organic Chemical Characterization and Mass Balance of a Hydraulically Fractured Well: From Fracturing Fluid to Produced Water over 405 Days” Environmental Science & Technology 51(23), 14006-14015
  33. Beck S.E., Ryu H., Boczek L.A., Cashdollar J.L., Jeanis K.M., Rosenblum J.S., Lawal O.R., *Linden K.G. (2017) Evaluating UV-C LED disinfection performance and investigating potential dual-wavelength synergy. Water Res. 109:207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.024.
  34. Lester, Y., Aga, D.S., Love, N, Singh, R., Morrissey, I., *Linden, K. (2016) “Integrative Advanced Oxidation and Biofiltration for Treating Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater” Water Environment Research, 88(11)1985-1993
  35. Rosenblum J.S., Sitterley K., Ferrer I., Thurman M., *Linden K. (2016) “Hydraulic fracturing wastewater treatment by coagulation-adsorption for removal of organic compounds and turbidity” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4(2):1978-1984
  36. Thurman E.M., Ferrer I., Rosenblum J.S., Linden K., Ryan J.N. (2016) “Identification of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Glycols and Their Carboxylates in Flowback and Produced Water from Hydraulic Fracturing Using LC/QTOF-MS” Journal of Hazardous Materials 323:11-17
  37. Mostafa, S., Rubinato, M., Rosario-Ortiz, F.L., Linden, K.G. (2016) “Impact of Light Screening and Photosensitization by Surface Water Organic Matter on Enterococcus Faecalis Inactivation” Environmental Engineering Science, 33(6):365-373
  38. Mestankova, H., Parker, A.M., Bramaz, N., Canonica, S., Schirmer, K., von Gunten, U., *Linden, K.G., (2016) “Transformation of Contaminant Candidate List (CCL3) compounds during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes in drinking water: assessment of biological effects” Water Research, 93:110-120
  39. Sholtes, K.A., Lowe, K., Walters, G.W., Sobsey, M.D., Linden, K.G., Casanova, L.M. (2016) Comparison of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and low-pressure mercury-arc lamps for disinfection of water. Environ. Technol. 37(17): 2183-2188
  40. Leite-Lobo F., Wang H., Huggins T., Rosenblum J.S., Linden K.G., Ren J.Z. (2016) “Low-energy Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater Treatment via AC Powered Electrocoagulation with Biochar” Journal of Hazardous Materials 309:180-184
  41. Beck SE, Rodriguez R.A., Hawkins M.A., Hargy T.M., Larason TC, Linden K.G. (2016) "Comparison of UV-induced inactivation and RNA damage in MS2 phage across the germicidal UV spectrum" Applied Environmental Microbiology 82:1468–1474. doi:10.1128/AEM.02773-15.
  42. Keen, O.S., Love, N.G., Aga, D.S., *Linden, K.G., (2016) “Biodegradability of iopromide products after UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation” Chemosphere, 144, 989-994, 2016
  43. Blackbeard, J., Lloyd, J., Magyar,M., Mieog, J., Linden, K.G., Lester, Y. (2016) “Demonstrating organic contaminant removal in an ozone-based water reuse process at full scale” Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2, 1, 213-222, 2016
  44. Bolton, J.R., Mayor-Smith, I., Linden, K.G., (2015) “Rethinking the Concepts of Fluence (UV Dose) and Fluence Rate: The Importance of Photon-based Units - A Systemic Review”. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 91(6): 1252-1262
  45. *Linden, K.G., Hull, N.M., Rodriguez, R.A. (2015) Comment on "UV Disinfection Induces a VBNC State in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Environmental Science & Technology 49 (17): 10750-10751
  46. Shin, G-A., Linden, K.G. (2015) “Reactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts after exposure to low-pressure UV irradiation” Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 61(7): 513-516
  47. Sigmon, C., Shin, G-A, Mieog, J., *Linden, K.G. (2015) “Establishing Surrogate-Virus Relationships for Ozone Disinfection of Wastewater” Environmental Engineering Science, 32(6):451-460
  48. Singh, R., Lester, Y., Linden, K.G., Love, N., Atilla-Gokcumen, G.E., Aga, D. (2015) “Application of metabolite profiling tools and time-of flight mass spectrometry in the identification of transformation products of iopromide and iopamidol during advanced oxidation" Environmental Science & Technology, Environmental Science & Technology, 49 (5):2983-2990
  49. Bohrerova, Z., Rosenblum, J., Linden, K.G. (2015) “Importance of recovery of E. coli in water following ultraviolet light disinfection” Accepted (November 2014) ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering
  50. Lester, Y., Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., Sitterley, K., Korak, J.A., Aiken, G., *Linden, K.G. (2015) “Characterization of fracturing flowback water in Colorado: Implications for water treatment” Science of the Total Environment 521-513: 637-644.
  51. Beck, S.E., Wright, H.B., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., *Linden, K.G. (2015) “Action Spectra for Validation of Pathogen Disinfection in Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet (UV) Systems” Water Research, 70:27-37
  52. Keen, O.S., Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., *Linden, K.G. (2014) “Degradation pathways of lamotrigine under advanced treatment by direct UV photolysis, hydroxyl radicals, and ozone”. Chemosphere. 117:316-323
  53. Barstow, C.K., Dotson, A.D., *Linden, K.G. (2014) “Assessing point of use ultraviolet disinfection for safe water in urban developing communities” IWA Journal of Water and Health, 12(4):663-669
  54. Glover, C.M., Mezyk, S.P., Linden, K.G. Rosario-Ortiz, F.L.  (2014) “Photochemical degradation of Corexit components in ocean water” Chemosphere, 111:596-602
  55. Parker, A.M., Ferrer, I, Thurman, E.M., Rosario-Ortiz, F.L., *Linden, K.G. (2014) “Determination of COREXIT Components used in the Deepwater Horizon Cleanup by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry” Analytical Methods, 6:5498-5502
  56. Poepping, C., Beck, S.E., Wright, H., *Linden, K.G. (2014) “Evaluation of DNA Damage Reversal During Medium-Pressure UV Disinfection” Water Research, 56: 181-189.
  57. Lester, Y., Ferrer, I., Thurman, E.M., *Linden, K.G. (2014) “Demonstrating sucralose as a monitor of full-scale UV/AOP treatment of trace organic compounds” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 280: 104-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.009
  58. Rodriguez, R.A., Bounty, S.H., Beck, S.E., Chan, C., McGuire, C., *Linden, K.G., (2014) “Photoreactivation of bacteriophages after UV disinfection: role of genome structure and impacts of UV source” Water Research 55, pp 143–149.
  59. Chatterley, C., Javernick-Will, A., Linden, K.G., Kawser, A., Laure, B., Mohini, V. (2014) “A qualitative comparative analysis of well-managed school sanitation in Bangladesh” BMC public health, Vol. 14, No. 6. Pp. 1-14.
  60. Lester, Y., Yacob, T., Morrissey, I. and *Linden, K.G. (2014) Can We Treat Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback with a Conventional Biological Process? The Case of Guar Gum. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 1 (1), pp 133–136. DOI: 10.1021/ez4000115
  61. Beck, S.E., Rodriguez, R.A., *Linden, K.G., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., Wright, H.B. (2014) "Wavelength Dependent UV Inactivation and DNA Damage of Adenovirus as Measured by Cell Culture Infectivity and Long Range Quantitative PCR” Environmental Science & Technology  48 (1), pp 591–598. DOI: 10.1021/es403850b
  62. Keen, O.S., McKay, G., Mezyk, S.P., Linden, K.G., Rosario-Ortiz, F.L., (2014) Identifying the factors that influence the reactivity of effluent organic matter with hydroxyl radicals, Water Research 50: 408-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.049.
  63. Kover, S.C., Rosario-Ortiz, F.L., *Linden, K.G. (2014) Photochemical fate of solvent constituents of Corexit oil dispersants. Water Research, 52:101-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.013
  64. Chatterley, C., Linden, K.G., Javernick-Will, A. (2013) "Identifying pathways to continued maintenance of school sanitation in Belize". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene, 3(3):411-422. doi:10.2166/washdev.2013.128
  65. Beck, S.E., Rodriguez, R.A., Salveson, A., Goel, N., Rhodes, S., Kehoe, P., *Linden, K.G. (2013) “Disinfection Methods for Treating Low TOC, Light Graywater to California Title 22 Water Reuse Standards” ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering, 139(9), 1137–1145
  66. Matafonova, G.G., Batoev, V.B., Linden, K.G. (2013) “Photocatalytic-based inactivation of E. coli by UV 282 nm XeBr Excilamp” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. Vol. 48, No. 13, 1670-1676, DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.815492
  67. Matafonova, G.G., Batoev, V.B., Linden, K.G., (2013) Impact of scattering of UV radiation from an exciplex lamp on the efficacy of photocatalytic inactivation of cells in water, Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 79, No. 2, 296-301, 2013
  68. Keen, O.S., Thurman, E.M., Ferrer, I., Dotson, A.D., *Linden, K.G. (2013) “Dimer formation during UV photolysis of diclofenac” Chemosphere, Vol. 93, No. 9, 1948-1956.
  69. Bibby, K.J., Brantley, S.L., Reible, D.D., Linden, K.G., Mouser, P.J., Gregory, K.B., Ellis, B.R., and Vidic, R.D. (2013) “Suggested Reporting Parameters for Investigations of Wastewater from Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction” Environmental Science & Technology 2013 47 (23), 13220-13221. DOI: 10.1021/es404960z
  70. Keen, O.S. and *Linden, K.G. (2013) Degradation of Antibiotic Activity during UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation and Photolysis in Wastewater Effluent Environmental Science & Technology 2013 47 (22), 13020-13030
  71. *Linden, K.G. (2013) Production of Photo-oxidants by Dissolved Organic Matter During UV Water Treatment Environmental Science & Technology 2013 47 (20), 11726-11733 
  72. Keen, O.S. and *Linden, K.G. (2013) Re-Engineering an Artificial Sweetener: Transforming Sucralose Residuals in Water via Advanced Oxidation Environmental Science & Technology 2013 47 (13), 6799-6805 
  73. Keen, O., Dotson, A.D., *Linden, K.G. (2013) “Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide chemical quenching agents following an advanced oxidation process” ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering 139(1), 137–140 
  74. Rodriguez, R.A., Bounty, S., *Linden, K.G. (2013) Long-Range Quantitative PCR for Determining Inactivation of Adenovirus 2 by UV Light. J. Applied Microbiology. 114(6) 1854-1865
  75. Azaizeh, H., Linden, K.G., Barstow, C., Kalbouneh, S. Tellawi, A, Albalawneh, A., Gerchman, Y. (2013) “Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants” Water Science and Technology Vol. 67, No. 3, 651-657.  doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.615. 
  76. Bounty, S. Rodriguez, R., *Linden, K.G. (2012) “Inactivation of adenovirus using low-dose UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation”, Water Research, Vol. 46, No. 19, 6273-6278
  77. Keen, O., Baik, S, *Linden, K.G., Aga, D.S., Love, N.G. (2012)  “Enhanced biodegradation of carbamazepine after UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 46, 6222−6227
  78. Bell, K.Y., Bandy, J., Beck, S., Keen, O., Kolankowsky, N., Parker, A.M., Linden, K. (2012) "Emerging pollutants – Part II: Treatment."  Water Environment Research 84(10), 1909-1940
  79. Dotson, A.D., Rodriguez, C., *Linden, K.G. (2012) “UV Disinfection Implementation Status in US Water Treatment Plants” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 104, No. 5, 318-324
  80. Keen, O., Love, N.G., *Linden, K.G. (2012) "The role of effluent nitrate in trace organic chemical oxidation during UV disinfection”, Water Research, Vol. 46, 5224-5234.
  81. Lyon, B., Dotson, A.D., Linden, K.G., Weinberg, H., (2012) “The effect of inorganic precursors on disinfection byproduct formation during UV-chlorine/chloramine drinking water treatment” Water Research. Vol. 46, 4653 – 4664.
  82. Eischeid, A., Thurston, J., *Linden, K.G. (2011) ”UV Disinfection of Adenovirus: Current State of the Research and Future Directions” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 41, 1375–1396
  83. Shah, A.D., Dotson, A.D. Linden, K.G. Mitch, W.A. (2011) "Impact of UV Disinfection Combined with Chlorination/ Chloramination on the Formation of Halonitromethanes and Haloacetonitriles in Drinking Water" Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 45, 3657–3664.
  84. Park, G-W., Vinjie, J., Linden, K.G., Sobsey, M.D. (2011) “Comparative UV inactivation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, echovirus 12 and coliphage” Accepted in Letters in Applied Microbiology Vol. 52, No. 2. 162-167
  85. Eischeid, A., and *Linden, K.G. (2011) ”Molecular Indications of Protein Damage in Adenoviruses after UV Disinfection” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 3. Pp 1145-1147
  86. Chatterley, C.J. and *Linden K.G. (2010) “Demonstration and evaluation of germicidal UV-LEDs for point-of-use water disinfection” Journal of Water and Health, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp 479 – 486.
  87. Dotson, A.D., Keen, V. Metz, D. *Linden K.G. (2010) "UV/H2O2 treatment of drinking water increases post-chlorination DBP formation” Water Research Vol. 44, p. 3703-3713.
  88. Reckhow, D.A., Linden, K.G., Kim, J., Shemer, H., Makdissy, G. (2010) “Effect of UV Treatment on DBP Formation”, Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 102, No. 6, pp 100-113.
  89. Wu, C., *Linden, K.G. (2010) “Phototransformation of selected organophosphorus pesticides: Roles of hydroxyl and carbonate radicals” Water Research, Vol. 44, p. 3585-3594.
  90. Watts, M.J., *Linden, K.G. (2009) “Advanced oxidation kinetics of aqueous tri alkyl phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 43, No. 8, 2937-2942.
  91. Shin G-A, Lee, J-K, Linden, K.G. (2009) “Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism” Water Science & Technology—WST, Vol. 60, No. 4., 851-857
  92. Bandy, J., Shemer, H., *Linden, K.G. (2009) “The impact of lamp choice and H2O2 dose on the photodegradation of nitrobenzene” Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 26, No. 5, 973-980
  93. *Linden, K.G., Shin, G-A., Lee, J-K., Scheible, O.K., Shen, C., Posy, P. (2009) “Demonstrating 4-log Adenovirus Inactivation in a Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet Disinfection Reactor”, Journal AWWA , Vol. 101, No. 4, 90-97  2010 Best Paper Award, JAWWA
  94. Mamane, H., Bohrerova, Z., *Linden, K.G. (2009) “Evaluation of Bacillus spore survival and surface morphology following chlorine and UV disinfection in water” ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 135 No. 8, 692-699.
  95. Shin, G-A, Linden, K.G., Faubert, G. (2009) “Inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts by polychromatic UV emission” Letters in Applied Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 6, 790-792.
  96. Slotkin, T., Seidler, F., Wu, C, MacKillop, E., Linden, K.  (2009) "Photolytic Breakdown Products of Chlorpyrifos: Developmental Neurotoxicity Evaluated in PC12 Cells", Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 117, No. 3, 338–343.
  97. Bohrerova, Z., Bohrer, G., Cho, K.D., Linden, K.G. (2009) “Determining the viability response of pine pollen to atmospheric conditions during long-distance dispersal” Ecological Applications Vol. 19, No. 3, 656-667.
  98. Eischeid, A.C., Meyer, J., *Linden, K.G. (2009) “UV Disinfection of Adenoviruses: Molecular Indications of DNA Damage Efficiency” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 75, No. 1, 23-28.
  99. Watts, M.J., *Linden, K.G. (2008) “Photooxidation and subsequent biodegradability of recalcitrant tri-alkyl phosphates TCEP and TBP in water” Water Research, Vol. 42, No. 20, 4949-4954
  100. Wu, C., *Linden, K.G., (2008) “Degradation and Byproducts Formation of Parathion in Aqueous Solutions by UV and UV/H2O2 Treatment”, Water Research, Vol. 42, No. 19, 4780-4790.
  101. Elovitz, M.S., Shemer, H., Peller, J.R., Vinodgopal, K., Sivaganesan, M., *Linden, K.G. (2008) “Hydroxyl radical rate constants: Comparing UV/H2O2 and pulse radiolysis for environmental pollutants” Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology – Aqua Vol. 57, No. 6, 391-401
  102. Bohrerova, Z., Shemer, H., Lantis, B., Impellitteri, C.,*Linden, K.G. (2008) “Comparative Disinfection Efficiency of Pulsed and Continuous-Wave UV Irradiation Technologies” Water Research  Vol. 42, No. 12, 2975-2982
  103. Örmeci, B., Linden, K.G. (2008) “Development of a fluorescence in-situ hybridization protocol for the identification of microorganisms associated with wastewater particles and flocs” Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Vol. 43, No. 13, 1484-1488
  104. Chen W.R, Wu, C., Linden, K.G., Suffet, I.H. (2008) “Reactions of thiocarbamate, triazine and urea herbicides, RDX and benzenes on EPA Contaminant Candidate List with ozone and with hydroxyl radicals” Water Research Vol. 42, No. 1-2, 137-144
  105. *Linden, K.G., Thurston, J., Schaefer, R., Malley, J.P. Jr. (2007) “Enhanced UV Inactivation of Adenoviruses under Polychromatic UV Lamps” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 73, No. 23, 7571–7574
  106. Watts, M.J., Rosenfeldt, E.J., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Comparative OH radical oxidation using UV-Cl2 and UV-H2O2 processes” Journal WSRT-AQUA, Vol. 56, No. 8, 469-478.
  107. Pereira, V.J., *Linden, K.G., Weinberg, H.S. (2007) “Evaluation of UV irradiation for photolytic and oxidative degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in water” Water Research Vol. 41, No. 19, 4413 – 4423
  108. Linden, K.G., Rosenfeldt, E.J., Kullman, S.W. (2007) “UV/H2O2 degradation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water evaluated via toxicity assays” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 55, No. 12, 313-319
  109. Eischeid, A., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Efficiency of pyrimidine dimer formation in Escherichia coli across UV wavelengths” Journal of Applied Microbiology. Vol. 103, 1650–1656
  110. Watts, M.J., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Chlorine Photolysis and Subsequent *OH Radical Production During UV Treatment of Chlorinated Water” Water Research, Vol. 41, No. 13, 2871-2878.
  111. Wu, C., Shemer, H., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Photodegradation and Byproduct Formation of Metolachlor in Water via UV and UV/H2O2 Treatment” J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 55, No. 10, 4059-4065.
  112. Bohrerova, Z., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Standardizing Photoreactivation: Comparison of DNA Photorepair Rate in Escherichia coli Using Four Different Fluorescent Lamps” Water Research, Vol. 41, No. 12, 2832-2838.
  113. Schaefer, R., Grapperhaus, M., Schaefer, I., and Linden, K., (2007) “Pulsed UV lamp performance and comparison with UV mercury lamps”, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science Vol. 6, No. 3, 303-320.
  114. Grapperhaus, M., Schaefer, R. and Linden, K., (2007) “Modeling of a new UV test cell for evaluation of lamp fluence rate effects in regard to water treatment, and comparison to collimated beam tests”, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, Vol. 6, No. 3, 271-276.
  115. Chen, P.J., Kullman, S.W., Hinton, D., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Comparisons of Low- and Medium- Pressure UV lamps on the Removal of Bisphenol A Estrogenic Activity in Water following Direct Photolysis and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Processes” Chemosphere, Vo. 68, No. 6, 1041-1049.
  116. Rosenfeldt, E.J., *Linden, K.G., (2007) “Hydroxyl radical formation during the UV/H2O2 processes: The ROH/UV concept” Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 41, No. 7, 2548-2553
  117. Mamane, H., Shemer, H. *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Inactivation of E. coli, B. subtilis spores, and MS2, T4, and T7 phage using UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation” Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol. 146, 479–486
  118. Liu, D. Wu, C., Linden, K.G., Ducoste, J. (2007) “Numerical Simulation of UV Disinfection Reactors: Evaluation of Alternative Turbulence Models”, Applied Mathematical Modeling, Vol. 31, No. 9, 1753-1769
  119. Rosenfeldt, E.J., Chen, P.J., Kullman, S.W., *Linden, K.G., (2007) “Destruction of estrogenic activity in water using UV advanced oxidation” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 377, No. 1, 105-113.
  120. Chen, P.J., Rosenfeldt, E.J., Kullman, S.W., Hinton, D., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Biological Assessments of a Mixture of Endocrine Disruptors at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Water following UV/H2O2 Oxidation” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 376, No. 1-3, 18-26.
  121. Shemer, H., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Aqueous photodegradation and toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fluorene, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene”, Water Research, Vol. 41, No 4, 853-861.
  122. Pereira, V.J., Weinberg, H.S., Linden, K.G., Singer, P.C. (2007) “UV degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in surface water via direct and indirect photolysis at 254 nm” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 41, No 5, 1682-1688.
  123. Shemer, H., *Linden, K.G. (2007) “Photolysis, oxidation and subsequent toxicity of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry Vol. 187, No. 2-3, 186-195
  124. Bohrerova, Z., Mamane-Gravetz, H., Ducoste, J., *Linden, K.G. (2006) “Comparative inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS-2 coliphage in a LP UV reactor: implications for validation”, ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 132, No. 12, 1554-1561
  125. Rosenfeldt, E.J., Linden, K.G., Canonica, S., von Gunten, U. (2006) “Comparative efficiency of OH radical generation from ozone and UV based processes” Water Research Vol. 40, No. 20, 3695 – 3704
  126. Shemer, H., Sharpless, C.M., Elovitz, M.S., *Linden, K.G. (2006) “Relative rate constants of contaminant candidate list pesticides with hydroxyl radicals” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 40, 4460-4466
  127. Bohrerova, Z., *Linden, K.G. (2006) "Molecular Based Assessments of Inactivation and Photorepair of Mycobacterium terrae following UV Disinfection” Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 101, 995–1001
  128. Chen, P.J., Linden, K.G., Hinton, D.E., Kashiwada, S., Rosenfeldt, E.J., Kullman, S.W. (2006) “Biological Assessments of Bisphenol A Degradation in Water following Direct Photolysis and UV Advanced Oxidation” Chemosphere Vol. 65, 1094–1102.
  129. Jin S., Mofidi, A.A., and *Linden, K.G. (2006).  “Polychromatic UV fluence measurements using chemical actinometry, biodosimetry, and mathematical techniques” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 132, No. 8, 831-841.
  130. Mamane-Gravetz, H. and *Linden, K.G. (2006). “Impact of particle aggregated microbes on UV disinfection. Part I: discrepancy between spore-clay aggregates and suspended spores” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 132, No. 6, 596-606.
  131. Mamane-Gravetz, H. and *Linden, K.G. (2006). “Impact of particle aggregated microbes on UV disinfection. Part II: importance of proper absorbance measurement on UV dose determination” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 132, No. 6, 607-615
  132. Shemer, H., *Linden, K.G. (2006) “Degradation and byproduct formation of diazinon using UV and UV/H2O2 processes”, Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 136, No. 3, 553-559
  133. Chen, W., Sharpless, C.M., Linden, K.G., Suffet, I.H. (2006) “Treatment of Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List Using Ozonation and O3/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 40, No. 8, 2734-2739.
  134. Bohrerova, Z. and *Linden K.G. (2006) “UV and chlorine disinfection of Mycobacterium in wastewater: impact of aggregation” Water Environment Research. Vol. 78, No. 6, 565–571.
  135. Mamane-Gravetz, H., Ducoste, J., *Linden, K. (2006) “Impact of Particles on UV Light Penetration in Natural and Engineered Systems” Applied Optics Vol. 45, No. 8, 1844-1856.
  136. Shemer, H., Kunukcu, Y.K., *Linden, K.G. (2006) “Degradation of the Pharmaceutical Metronidazole Via UV, Fenton and photo-Fenton Processes", Chemosphere Vol. 63, 269-276.
  137. Bohrerova Z., Bohrer, G., Mohanraj, S., Ducoste, J., *Linden K.G. (2005) “Experimental measurements of fluence distribution in a UV reactor using fluorescent dyed microspheres” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 22, 8925 - 8930
  138. Qian, S.S., Linden, K.G., Donnelly, M. (2005) “A Bayesian Analysis of Mouse Infectivity Data to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Using Ultraviolet Light as a Drinking Water Disinfectant” Water Research Vol. 39, No. 17, 4229-4239
  139. Mamane-Gravetz, H., Linden, K.G. Cabaj, A., Sommer, R., (2005) “Spectral sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 coliphage for validation testing of ultraviolet reactors for water disinfection” Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 39, No. 20, 7845-7852
  140. Shemer, H., Sharpless, C.M., *Linden, K.G. (2005) “Photodegradation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in aqueous solution”, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. Vol. 168, No. 1-4, 145-155.
  141. Rosenfeldt, E.J., Melcher, B., and *Linden, K.G. (2005) “UV and UV/H2O2 treatment of methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin in water”, Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology –AQUA Vol. 54, No. 7, 423-434.
  142. Ducoste, J., Liu, D., and Linden, K.G. (2005) “Alternative Approaches to Modeling Dose Distribution and Microbial Inactivation in Ultraviolet Reactors: Lagrangian vs. Eulerian” ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 131, No. 10, 1393-1403
  143. Ducoste, J.J., Linden, K.G., Rojker, D., Liu, D., (2005) “Assessment of Reduction Equivalent Fluence Bias Using Computational Fluid Dynamics” Environmental Engineering Science Vol. 22, No. 5, 615-628
  144. Ormeci, B., and *Linden, K.G. (2005) “Comparison of Physical and Chemical Methods for Extraction of Microorganisms from Wastewater Particles and Flocs” Environmental Engineering Science, Vol. 22, No. 4, 459-471.
  145. Johnson, A.M., Linden, K.G., Ciociola, K.M., De Leon, R., Widmer, G. Rochelle, P.A. (2005) “UV inactivation of Cryptosporidium hominis as measured in cell culture” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 5, 2800-2802.
  146. Jin, S., *Linden, K.G., Ducoste, J., Liu, D. (2005) “Impact of Lamp Shadowing and Reflection on the Fluence Rate Distribution in a Multiple Low-Pressure UV Lamp Array” Water Research, Vol. 39, No. 12, 2711-2721.
  147. Ormeci, B., Ducoste, J., and *Linden, K.G. (2005) “UV Disinfection of Chlorinated Water: Impact on Chlorine Concentration and UV Dose Delivery”, Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology –AQUA, Vol. 54, No. 3, 189-199.
  148. Sharpless, C.M. and Linden, K.G. (2005) “Interpreting Collimated Beam UV Oxidation Rate Data in Terms of Electrical Efficiency of Treatment” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. Vol. 4, No. S1, 19-26.
  149. Shin, G-A., Linden, K.G., Sobsey, M.D. (2005) “Low pressure UV inactivation of pathogenic enteric viruses and bacteriophages” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. Vol. 4, No. S1, 7-11.
  150. Shin, G-A., Linden, K.G., Faubert, G., Sobsey, M.D. (2005) “Inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts by UV irradiation in real field waters” Journal of Water and Environment Technology. Vol. 3, No. 1, 41-45.
  151. Oliver, J.D., Dagher, M., and Linden, K.G. (2005) “Induction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium into the viable but nonculturable state following chlorination of wastewater”, Journal of Water and Health. Vol. 3, No. 3, 249-257.
  152. Ducoste, J., Linden, K.G. (2005) “Determination of UV Sensor Location for Sensor Set-point Monitoring using Computational Fluid Dynamics” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science. Vol. 4, No. S1, 33-43.
  153. Bolton, J.R. and *Linden K.G. (2005) "Discussion of Standardized Collimated Beam Testing Protocol for Water/Wastewater Ultraviolet Disinfection”, by Kuo, J. et al., ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 131, No. 5, 827-829.
  154. Mamane-Gravetz, H. and *Linden, K.G. (2005) “The relationship between physiochemical properties, aggregation, and UV inactivation of isolated indigenous spores in water”, Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 98, No. 2, 351-363.
  155. Liu, D., Ducoste, J., Jin, S., and Linden, K.G. (2004) “Evaluation of Alternative Fluence Rate Distribution Models” Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology –AQUA Vol.53 No. 6, 391-408
  156. Mofidi, A.A., and Linden, K.G., (2004) “Disinfection Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Light for Heterotrophic Bacteria Leaving Biologically Active Filters” Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology –AQUA Vol. 53 No. 8, 553-566
  157. Rosenfeldt, E. and *Linden, K.G. (2004) “Degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals bisphenol-A, ethinyl estradiol, and estradiol during UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 38 No. 20, 5476-5483
  158. Batch, L.F., Schulz, C.D., and *Linden, K.G. (2004) “Evaluating Water Quality Impacts on UV Disinfection of MS2 Coliphage in Filtered Water” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 96, No. 7, pp. 75-87.
  159. Mamane-Gravetz, H. and *Linden, K.G. (2004) “UV disinfection of indigenous aerobic spores: implications for UV reactor validation with unfiltered waters”, Water Research Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 2898-2906
  160. Kashinkunti, R., Linden, K.G., Shin, G-A, Metz, D.H., Sobsey, M.D., Moran, M. and Samuelson, A. (2004) “Investigating Multi-Barrier Inactivation for Cincinnati: UV, By-products, and Biostability” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 114-127.
  161. Qian, S., Donnelly, M., Schmelling, D., Messner, M., Linden, K.G., Cotton, C. (2004) “Ultraviolet light inactivation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water A Bayesian meta-analysis” Water Research, Vol. 38, pp.317-326
  162. Chen, W.R., Sharpless, C.M., Linden, K.G., Suffet, I.H. (2004) “Treatment of Volatile Organic Chemicals on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List Using Ozonation and the O3/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process” Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 228: U551-U551 055-ENVR Part 1 (AUG 22 2004)
  163. Sharpless, C.M., Seibold, D.A., and Linden, K.G. (2003) “Nitrate photosensitized degradation of atrazine during UV water treatment”, Aquatic Sciences Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 359-366
  164. Sharpless, C.M., Page, M., and *Linden, K.G. (2003) “Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide on Nitrite Formation During UV Disinfection” Water Research, Vol. 37, pp.4730-4736.
  165. Christensen, J.A. and *Linden, K.G. (2003) “How Particles Affect UV Light in the UV Disinfection of Unfiltered Drinking Water” Journal of the American Water Works Association, Vol. 95 No. 4, pp. 179-189.
  166. Sharpless, C.M. and *Linden, K.G. (2003) “Experimental and Model Comparisons of Low- and Medium-Pressure Hg Lamps for the Direct and H2O2 Assisted UV Photodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Simulated Drinking Water”, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 37 No. 9, pp. 1933-1940
  167. Bolton, J.R. and *Linden, K.G. (2003) “Standardization of Methods for Fluence (UV Dose) Determination in Bench-scale UV Experiments” ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 129 No. 3. pp 209-215.
  168. Ormeci, B. and *Linden, K.G. (2002) “Comparison of UV and chlorine inactivation of particle and non-particle associated coliform”, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, Vol. 2, No 5-6, pp 403-410.
  169. Magnuson, M.L., Kelty, C.A., Sharpless, C.M., Linden, K.G., Fromme, W., Metz, D., Kashinkunti, R. (2002) “Effect of UV irradiation on Organic Matter Extracted from Treated Ohio River Water Studied Through the Use of Electrospray Mass Spectrometry”, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 36 No. 23, pp. 5252-5260.
  170. Liu, W., Andrews, S.A., Bolton, J.R., Linden, K.G., Sharpless, C.M., Stefan, M. (2002) “Comparison of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation from different UV technologies at bench-scale”, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, Vol. 2, No 5-6, pp 515-521.
  171. *Linden, K.G. Shin, G.A., Faubert, G., Cairns, W., Sobsey, M.D. (2002) “UV disinfection of Giardia lamblia in water”. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 36 No. 11, pp. 2519-2522.
  172. Sharpless, C.M., and *Linden, K.G. (2001) “UV photolysis of nitrate: quantum yields, effects of natural organic matter and dissolved CO2, and implications for UV water disinfection” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 35 No. 14, pp. 2949-2955.
  173. *Linden, K.G., Shin, G.A., and Sobsey, M.D. (2001) “Relative efficacy of UV wavelengths for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 43 No. 12, pp. 171-174.
  174. Shin, G.A., Linden, K.G., Arrowood, M. and Sobsey, M.D., (2001) “Low pressure UV inactivation and subsequent DNA repair potential of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 7, pp. 3029-3032.
  175. ^Linden, K.G. and J.L. Darby. (1998) "UV disinfection of marginal effluents: determining UV absorbance and subsequent estimation of UV intensity," Water Environment Research, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 214-223
  176. ^Linden, K.G. and J.L. Darby. (1997) "Estimating the effective germicidal dose from medium pressure UV lamps," ASCE: Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 11, pp. 1142-1149
  177. ^Linden(auer), K.G. and J.L. Darby. (1994) "Ultraviolet disinfection of wastewater: effect of UV dose on subsequent photoreactivation," Water Research, Vol.28, pp. 805.
  178. ^Kayhanian, M., Linden(auer), K.G., Hardy, S., and Tchobanoglous, G (1991) “2-Stage Process Combines Anaerobic and Aerobic Methods” Biocycle, Vol. 32, No. 3, 48-53