Roger M. Enoka

  • Professor
  • INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Address

Office: Ramaley W205

Research Interests

Education

Professional Experience

  • 1981-1987, Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ.
  • 1986-1990, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
  • 1987-1992, Associate Professor, Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
  • 1990-1992, Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
  • 1992-1993, Professor, Departments of Exercise & Sport Sciences and Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
  • 1993-1996, Staff Scientist, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
  • 1996-2002, Professor, Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
  • 2000-2002, Chair, Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
  • 2003-Present, Professor, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder
  • 2003-2013, Chair, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder
  • 2003-Present, Adjoint Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado
  • 2011-Present, Adjoint Professor, Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado
  • 2016-2017, Chair, Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder
  • 2018-2020, Associate Chair, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder
  • 2025-Present, Professor, Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder

Honors and Awards

  • 1989-1990, President, American Society of Biomechanics
  • 1990-1998, Member, World Committee for Biomechanics.
  • 1992-1996, NIH Study Section, Respiratory and Applied Physiology
  • 1992-1996, American Physical Therapy Association, Research Advisory Panel
  • 2004, Presidential Lecture, annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine
  • 2011, Muybridge Award, International Society of Biomechanics
  • 2018, Basmajian Award, International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology
  • 2018, Borelli Award, American Society of Biomechanics
  • 2023, Doctorat Honoris Causa, Université de libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Recent Publications

  • Alenazy MA, Al-Jaafari R, Daneshgar S, Folkesson A, Enoka RM. Influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the distance walked by older adults during the 6-min test of walking endurance. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 73: 192827, 2023. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102827
  • Alenazy MA, Al-Jaafari R, Folkesson A, Enoka RM. Influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on walking kinematics and standing balance of older adults who differ in walking speed. Experimental Brain Research 241: 1861-1872, 2023. 10.1007/s00221-023-06615-8
  • Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Sahinis C, Negro F, Tryipdakis G, Kellis E, Enoka RM. More variability in tibialis anterior function during adduction of the foot than dorsiflexion of the ankle. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 56: 851-859, 2024. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003377
  • Avrillon S, Hug F, Enoka RM, Caillet AH, Farina D. The identification of extensive samples of motor units in human muscles reveals diverse effects of neuromodulatory inputs on rate coding. eLife13: RP97085, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.97085
  • Besomi M, Devecchi V, Falla D, McGill K, Kiernan MC, Merletti R, van Dieën JH, Tucker K, Clancy EA, Søgaard K, Hug F, Carson RG, Perreault E, Gandevia S, Besier T, Rothwell JC, Enoka RM, Holobar A, Disselhorst-Klug C, Wrigley T, Lowery M, Farina D, Hodges PW. Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Checklist for reporting and critically appraising studies using EMG (CEDE-Check). Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 76: 102874, 2024. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102874
  • Carzoli JP, Enoka RM. Predicting balance and quantifying Romberg Quotient reference ranges in older adults. Journal of Physical Education and Sport 23: 2963-2971, 2023. 10.7752/jpes.2023.11337
  • Courter R, Alvarez E, Enoka RM, Ahmed A. Metabolic costs of walking and arm reaching in persons with mild multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurophysiology 129: 819-832, 2023. 10.1152/jn.00373.2022
  • Daneshgar S, Hoitz F, Enoka RM. Temporal variability in stride kinematics during the application of TENS: a machine learning analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 56: 1701-1708, 2024. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003469
  • Daneshgar S, Tvrdy T, Enoka RM. Practice-induced changes in manual dexterity of older adults who differ on initial pegboard time. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 55: 2045-2052, 2023. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003245
  • Daneshgar S, Tvrdy T, Enoka RM. Predictors of improvements in manual dexterity for fast and slow older adults: role of force steadiness Experimental Brain Research 242: 1971-1982, 2024. 10.1007/s00221-024-06878-9
  • Darendeli A, Enoka RM. Control of motor output during steady submaximal contractions is modulated by contraction history. Experimental Brain Research 242: 675-683, 2024. 10.1007/s00221-023-06774-8
  • Darendeli A, Ertan H, Enoka RM. Comparison of EMG activity in leg muscles between overground and treadmill running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 55: 517-524, 2023. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102773
  • Darendeli A, Ertan H, Cug M, Wikstrom E, Enoka RM. Comparison of EMG activity in shank muscles between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability when running on a treadmill. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 70: 1026773, 2023. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003055
  • Del Vecchio A, Enoka RM, Farina D. Specificity of early motor unit adaptations with resistive exercise training. Journal of Physiology 602: 2679-2688, 2024. 10.1113/JP282560
  • Del Vecchio A, Germer CM, Knife TM, Nuccio S, Hug F, Eskokier B, Farina D, Enoka RM.  The forces generated by agonist muscles during isometric contractions arise from motor unit synergies. Journal of Neuroscience 43: 2860-2873, 2023. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1265-22.2023
  • Dick TJM, Tucker K, Hug F, Besomi M, van Dieën JH, Enoka RM, Besier T, Carson RG, Clancy EA, Disselhorst-Klug C, Falla D, Farina D, Gandevia S, Holobar A, Kiernan MC, Lowery M, McGill K, Merletti R, Perreault E, Søgaard K, Wrigley T, Hodges PW. Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Application of EMG to estimate muscle force Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 76: 102910, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102910
  • Efthymiadou E, Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Sahinis C, Lykidis A, Samoladas E, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Force fluctuations during steady plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in young adults. Journal of Physical Education and Sport 23: 1606-1614, 2023. 10.7752/jpes.2023.07197
  • Enoka RM. Neuromechanics of Human Movement 6th edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2024.
  • Farina D, Enoka RM. Evolution of surface electromyography: from muscle electrophysiology towards neural recording and interfacing. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 71: 102796, 2023. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102796
  • Farina D, Merletti R, Enoka RM. The extraction of neural strategies from the surface EMG: 2004-2024. Journal of Applied Physiology 138: 121-135, 2025. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00453.2024
  • Henry M, Darendeli A, Tvrdy T, Daneshgar S, Enoka RM. Influence of visual and auditory feedback on the proprioceptive sense of force: insights from motor unit recordings. Journal of Neurophysiology 133: 1103-1115, 2025.
  • Kamankesh A, Rahimi N, Amiridis IG, Sahinis C, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Distinguishing the activity of flexor digitorum brevis and soleus across standing postures with deep learning models. Gait & Posture 117: 58-74, 2024. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.12.014
  • Makronasios NS, Amiridis IG, Evaggelos B, Theodoros KM, Plastraki AC, Sahinis C, Enoka RM. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves reaction time and execution time of roundhouse kick in highly trained martial arts athletes. Sports Biomechanics 28: 1-12, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2023.2216186
  • Martinez-Valdes E, Enoka RM, Holobar A, McGill K, Farina D, Besomi M, et al. Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Single motor units. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 68: 1026726, 2023. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2022.102726
  • Pechlivanos RG, Amiridis IG, Anastasiadis N, Kannas T, Sahinis C, Duchateau J. Enoka RM. Effects of plyometric training on vertical jump performance in basketball players. European Journal of Sport Science 24: 682-692, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12097
  • Petrovic I, Amiridis IG, Holobar A, Trypidakis G, Sahinis C, Kannas T, Kellis E, Enoka RM. Alternating or concurrent exercise training does not influence force control during single-leg submaximal contractions with the dorsiflexors. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 22: 245-253, 2023. 10.52082/jssm.2023.245
  • Petrovic I, Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Zoi T, Holobar A, Sahinis C, Kellis E, Stankovic D, Enoka RM. Footedness but not dominance influences force steadiness during isometric dorsiflexion in young men. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 73: 102838, 2023. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102828
  • Rahimi N, Kamankesh A, Amiridis IG, Daneshgar S, Sahinis C, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Distinguishing among standing postures with machine learning-based classification algorithms. Experimental Brain Research 243: 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-024-06959-9
  • Sahinis C, Amiridis IG, Kannas TM, Farina D, Enoka RM, Kellis E. Distinct neural drives along the semitendinosus muscle. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 56: 2338-2348, 2024. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003530
  • Sahinis C, Amiridis IG, Varvariotis N, Lykidis A, Kannas TM, Negro F, Enoka RM. Foot dominance does not influence force variability during ankle dorsiflexion and foot adduction. Journal of Sports Sciences 42: 1011-1021, 2024. 10.1080/02640414.2024.2379699
  • Seals DR, DeSouza CA, Enoka RM, Fleshner M, Mazzeo RS, Moore TL. Is it the people or the place? The remarkable 30-year period of integrative physiology research in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder. Journal of Applied Physiology 137: 42-50, 2024. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00316.2024
  • Skeparianos A, Amiridis IG, Volaris P, Tsampalaki Z, Kannas T, Sahinis C, Salonikidis K, Negro F, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Associations between ankle muscle strength and postural sway in older adults. Journal of Physical Education and Sport 23: 2592-2600, 2023. 10.7752/jpes.2023.10297
  • Tsiouri C, Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Varvariotis N, Sahinis C, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Coactivation of foot and ankle muscle increases with a postural challenge. Gait & Posture 113: 238-245, 2024. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.019
  • Tsiouri C, Amiridis IG, Kannas T, Varvariotis N, Sahinis C, Hatzitaki V, Enoka RM. Role of motor unit activity in flexor digitorum brevis to maintain balance during forward leaning. Journal of Sports Sciences 43: 468-476, 2025.
  • Tvrdy T, Henry M, Enoka RM. Influence of the variability in motor unit discharge time and neural drive on force steadiness during submaximal contractions with a hand muscle. Journal of Neurophysiology 133: 697-708, 2025.
  • Weinman L, Del Vecchio A, Mazzo M, Enoka RM. Motor unit modes in the calf muscles during a submaximal isometric contraction are changed by brief stretches. Journal of Physiology 602: 1385-1404, 2024. 10.1113/JP285437