Current and Past Research Foci:
Nitrogen deposition and alpine ecosystem function- Nitrogen deposition, a form of acid rain, remains one of the most serious regional environmental problems. Alpine areas are particularly susceptible to detrimental effects, due to their thin, poorly weathered soils, low rates of biological activity, and strong seasonality, all of which lower the buffering capacity of alpine systems to neutralize the ecological effects of N deposition. We have been examining the influence of N deposition on plant species composition, soil chemistry (base cations and acidity), and ecosystem function in alpine ecosystems. Research sites include Niwot Ridge, Rocky Mountain and Glacier National Parks, and the Western Tatra Mountains of Slovakia.
exemplary publications:
Bowman, W.D., A. Ayad*, C.P. Bueno de Mesquita**, N. Fierer, T.S. Potter**, and S. Sternagel*. 2018. Limited ecosystem recovery from simulated chronic nitrogen deposition. Ecological Applications 28: 1762-1772.
Langley, J.A., S.K. Chapman, M. Avolio, W.D. Bowman, D.S. Johnson, K.J. La Pierre, F. Isbell, K.R. Wilcox, B.L. Foster, M.J. Hovenden, A.K. Knapp, S. Koerner, C. Lortie, J.P. Megonigal, P. Newton, P.B. Reich, M.D. Smith, B. Suttle, and D. Tilman. 2018. Ambient changes exceed treatment effects on plant species abundance in global change experiments. Global Change Biology DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14442
Simkin, S.M., E.B. Allen, W.D. Bowman, C.M. Clark, J. Belnap, M.L. Brooks, B.S. Cade, S.L. Collins, L.H. Geiser, F.S. Gilliam, S.E. Jovan, L.H. Pardo, B.K. Schulz, C.J. Stevens, K.N. Suding, H.L. Throop, and D.M. Waller. 2016. Conditional vulnerability of plant diversity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across the USA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113: 4086-4091.
Bowman, W.D., D.R. Nemergut, D.M. McKnight, M.P. Miller, and M.W. Williams. 2015. A slide down a slippery slope–alpine ecosystem responses to nitrogen deposition. Plant Ecology & Diversity DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2014.984786
Porter, E.M., W.D. Bowman, C.M. Clark, J.E. Compton, L.H. Pardo, and J.L. Soong.** 2013. Interactive effects of anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Biogeochemistry 114: 93-120.
Bowman, W.D., Murgel, J., Blett, T., and Porter, E. 2012. Nitrogen critical loads for alpine vegetation and soils in Rocky Mountain National Park. Journal of Environmental Management. 103: 165-171.
Lieb, A.M.*, A. Darrouzet-Nardi**, and W.D. Bowman. 2011. Nitrogen deposition decreases acid buffering capacity of alpine soils in the southern Rocky Mountains. Geoderma 164: 220-224.
Bowman, W.D., C.C. Cleveland, L. Halada, J. Hresko, and J.S. Baron. 2008. Negative impact of nitrogen deposition on soil buffering capacity. Nature Geoscience 1: 767-770.
Plant control over nutrient cycling and implications for species interactions: Plants affect the availability of critical resources, such as water and nutrients, simply by consuming them. However, plants can also directly influence the supply of nutrients through influences on soil biology, by varying the amount and chemistry of organic matter. We've been investigating the role of plant chemistry on nitrogen cycling in alpine plants, from the perspective of its influence on spatial variation in ecosystem function, as well as a biotic influence on community dynamics.
exemplary publications:
Bowman, W.D. and S. Swatling-Holcomb*. 2018. The roles of stochasticity and biotic interactions in the spatial patterning of plant species in alpine communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 29: 25-33.
Meier, C.L. and W.D. Bowman. 2008. Links between plant litter chemistry, species diversity, and below-ground ecosystem function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 105: 19780-19785.
Bardgett, R.D., W.D. Bowman, R. Kaufmann, and S.K. Schmidt. 2005. Linking aboveground and belowground ecology: a temporal approach. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 634-641.
Bowman, W.D., H. Steltzer, T.N. Rosenstiel, C.C. Cleveland, and C.L. Meier. 2004. Litter effects of two co-occurring alpine species on plant growth, microbial activity and immobilization of nitrogen. Oikos 104: 336-344.
Plant resource partitioning: Use of different chemical forms of nitrogen- All plants need essentially the same resources in the same chemical structure, and thus partitioning by form, like animals can do for prey species, has not been considered for plants until recently. Plants are capable of taking up several forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, and small amino acids), and thus the potential exists that plants could specialize in the form of nitrogen they take up. This might alleviate competition with neighbors for a resource that is often limiting to plant growth and community diversity. Some alpine plants appear to have narrow preferences for the form of nitrogen they take up, while others appear to be more versatile. The implications of these patterns for the outcome of competition and alpine diversity is being explored.
exemplary publications:
Ashton, I. W., A.E. Miller, W.D. Bowman, and K. Suding. 2008. Nitrogen preferences and plant-soil feedbacks as influenced by neighbors in the alpine tundra. Oecologia 156: 625-636.
Miller, A.E., W.D. Bowman and K.N. Suding. 2007. Plant uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen: Neighbor identity matters. Ecology 88: 1832-1840.
