The Environmental Justice Movement seeks to achieve equal distribution of the environmental benefits and burdens of economic growth. This movement began in the 1980’s, when Robert Bullard did research regarding race and pollution. He found “race to be the single most important factor (i.e., more important than income, homeownership rate, and property values) in the location of abandoned toxic waste sites” and that “three of the five largest commercial hazardous waste landfills are located in predominately African American or Latino communities, and accounts for 40 percent of the nation's total estimated landfill capacity” (Bullard, 160).

These findings are the result of Redlining and Zoning.

• Redlining is a discriminatory practice that has denied loans and services to BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color) communities for centuries. This has pushed BIPOC communities out of neighborhoods with stricter environmental regulations, allowing them to be exposed to toxic landfills that negatively affect their health.
• Zoning laws more often than not “shortchange” communities of color by labeling their neighborhoods as “industrial” areas where there are fewer environmental regulations. This allows companies to place dangerous sites such as municipal landfills in close proximity to their homes (Bullard, 161).

This article explores race in relation to landfill and superfund site locations in the Denver-Metro area.