1010 General learning goals.

1. Develop the capability to analyze, explain, and predict the motion of objects in the world around you.

2. Understand the properties and motion of electric charges and use this knowledge to predict and explain various aspects of electricity.

3. Understand the properties and applications of electromagnetic waves and predict behaviors.

4.  Recognize that the behavior of the world around you is not magical and mysterious, but rather can be understood and predicted using certain fundamental principles. 

5. Understand that these principles are determined and confirmed by careful experiments. 

1010 Detailed learning goals.

·       Be able to use metric and English units of measure for velocity, acceleration, time, force, and energy.

·       Be able to define speed, velocity, and acceleration, and, given a graph or detailed description of a car’s position versus time, describe its motion identifying its speed, velocity, and acceleration.  Given a description of a car or other object’s motion, be able to make a graph of these quantities versus time and explain how they are related.

·       Be able to apply x =vt + 0.5 at² and v = v₀ +at to the motion of an object that is moving with constant acceleration.  Be able to calculate unknown quantities of the motion using these equations. 

·       Be able to calculate the mass m of an object of given its weight, and vice-versa. (W = mg).

·       Use the idea that the force on an object is related to its motion by force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).  For example, be able to use this to predict motions for various real world situations, including: a) recognizing that if there is no F, there must be no a, so v is unchanged; b) find a for known F and m; c) find F to produce desired a or desired stopping time or distance of vehicles.

·       Relate forces on objects to the distances they travel and speeds they attain using the above ideas, and use to predict motions.

·       Using Newton’s III law, predict how two objects will react in a collision given the motion before the collision, for collisions between various objects such as cars and people.

• Predict the force and work needed to push carts up ramps of given angle (including lifting straight up).  Figure out what ramp angle is needed to move objects of a given mass uphill with a particular force.
• Predict the amount of energy gained in coasting down ramps of any steepness, and corresponding speed of the object at the bottom.
• Use conservation of energy to predict how high an object will go if thrown up with particular speed, or with a particular amount of work, or a particular force over a distance while being thrown.
• Predict the amount of thermal energy/heat produced in stopping a moving or dropped object.

the following 7 items are applications of the above ideas about how objects move.

• spring scales- be able to explain how scales work.  Be able to design and calibrate a scales.
• water distribution- be able to predict the water pressure and flow velocity at various points in a water distribution system.  Be able to explain a water distribution system and the function of the different elements such as water towers and pumps.    
• Predict the time dependence of the motion of an object on a spring, and explain how this is related to the operation of balance wheels.
• Calculate the distance from GPS satellites using the timing of pulses received from them. 
• Predict how the sound produced by a violin changes with the tension, fingering, and mass of the string being bowed.
• Predict how the sound from an organ pipe will change as the length of the pipe is changed. 
• Predict the forces exerted between electrically charged objects using Coulomb’s law.
• Predict the energy gained by charged objects when voltage is applied to them.
• Design an electronic air cleaner for a smokestack from basic electrical components (wires, power supplies, metal plates).
• Explain how rubbing a balloon will cause it to stick to a wall.
• Explain why socks stick together coming out of drier and why dust is attracted to certain objects.
• Explain lightening and the sparks produced when you shuffle your feet on a rug, and explain how this can be avoided with a lightening rod or by carrying a sharp metal object.
• Predict the current flow and voltage distribution in simple electrical circuits involving batteries, wires, and resistors.  
• Predict the electrical power dissipated in the components in simple electrical circuits involving batteries, wires, resistors, and light bulbs.

·       Be able to evaluate and minimize the danger of electrocution for various situations.

• Predict how the spectrum and the amount of radiation from an incandescent light bulb or any other hot object will change with temperature.
• Provide a basic design for an incandescent light bulb and explain the function of the different components.
• Explain the basic structure of an atom and relate it to the color of light produced by discharge lamps and the operation of a florescent light.
• Design a florescent light bulb and explain the requirements on the various basic components. 
• Explain the different efficiencies of conversion of electrical energy into visible light of incandescent lights, florescent lights, and sodium vapor street lights.
• Explain the greenhouse effect and why it depends on the temperature dependence of thermal radiation. 
• Predict the optimum orientation and antenna length for receiving a particular radio station.
• Explain how radio signals are produced and detected and what the different positions on the radio tuning dial mean. 
• Predict how readily various substances will be heated in a microwave oven and which are unsafe to put in the oven.
• Design a microwave oven chamber that will contain the microwaves, allow one to safely see inside, and have walls that do not get hot. 
• Explain the uneven pattern of heating inside a microwave oven.