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a. On the space time diagram, the absolute future and the absolute past are connected to the present by lines corresponding to the speed of light or slower. All else in the universe is unconnected with the present and unreachable. An example of such forbidden knowledge is that of simultaneity, involving two points that are not connected by a beam of light. b. Inside of the event horizon is a second forbidden realm c. Primordial chaos is the third forbidden realm, lying within 10^-43 seconds after creation. Inside Primordial Chaos every particle is sunk within its own event horizon and the universe is so young that insufficient time has elapsed for light to travel from one particl to another. Thus everything is ingnorance and darkness. One of the great themes of Creation Mythologies of the world, found in the Rig Vega, Popol Vhu, Hesoid's Theogony, and Genesis, is that the universe started as darkness, water, and primordial chaos. It is in fact truly remarkable that this is such a universal and deep religious intuition in so many cultures. 2. Nature of particles at the boundary, the so-called Planck wall lying at 10^-43 seconds: These particles are known as Archaeons, the father of all particles. Their size can be estimated by assuming they have a size equal to the Compton wavelength which is h/mc where h is Planck's constant, m is mass and c is the speed of light. This size is set equal to the diameter of the event horizon which is 2mg/c^2. The result is the mass of these mysterious particles which is 5 x 10^-5 grams, and their size which is 4 x 10^-33 cm and they ceased to exist at the Planck wall, 10^43 sec. 3. These mini-blackholes that existed during Primordial Chaos are normally thought to lie totally beyond human understanding. The act of creation is thus protected from the probing finger of the scientist by this "absolute barrier". This is what the Pope warned Stephen Hawking about: do not try to explain creation. 4. But inside his head, Hawking has come up with a model of what happened to Primordial Chaos to result in the creation of the universe. These mini-black holes are very hot due to the outpouring of Hawking radiation. The temperature of a black hole according to Hawking is T = 10^-6/M kelvin, where M is the mass of the black hole in solar mass units. Thus if the sun were to become a black hole, it would indeed be pretty dark, with a temperature of only 10^-6 degrees above absolute zero. However for these mini-black holes with very very tiny mass, their temperature would be some 5 X 10^31 degrees. Blasting forth with Hawking radiation they pushed each other apart violently to start the inflationary phase of the universe during which time the universe expanded in size by a factor of 10^25 (see Snow on Inflationary models). After expanding so rapidly, inflation slowed down after some 10^-33 seconds, and the universe coasted outward, which is the expanding universe we now know. Inflation has smoothed out the initial fluctuations and curvature of the early early universe and has produced space which is apparently close to flat (see Snow on curvature of space). 5. No one else has been able to speculate on the nature of Primordial Chaos and to suggest what caused the explosive, brilliant act of creation that started out our universe. Considering how extraordinarily difficult it is for Stephen Hawking to share his ideas with the rest of us, it is truly amazing that he has been able to share these ideas. |
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