Study Guide for Philosophy Exam #3

 

PHIL 1000-130 (Meets Tues.-Thurs. 2-3:15) Saturday, May 6, 4:30-7 p.m.

PHIL 1000-140 (Meets Tues.-Thurs. 3:30-4:45) Tuesday, May 9, 10:30 a.m.-1 p.m.

 

Exams are given in the same room as lecture.  You will need to bring a blue book to the exam for the essay portion. Blue books can be purchased at the C.U. bookstore. 

 

The exam will be in two parts.  Part I will include several short-answer questions over the reading.  You will be given the first 40 minutes of the exam period to do this portion of the exam.  Once Part I is completed, you will turn this in and complete Part II (which will start 40 minutes after the beginning of the exam period).   Part II will include multiple-choice-true-false questions and one essay (3-5 pages, single-sided, double-spaced).  There is no time limit on Part II (except for the end of the exam period). Note that the order of the exam has been switched from the first two exams.

 

Part I

 

Questions Over the Readings

 

Part I will ask several short-answer, general-understanding questions over the assigned readings (about 10-15 questions).  Part I is open book, so you will want to bring both texts as well as copies of the reserve readings to class.  You will not be able to consult your texts during Part II of the exam.  You will have 30 minutes to complete Part I of the exam.  The questions will direct you to the relevant article and page numbers, so you will not need to spend time finding the article the question pertains to.  Most questions will be directed toward the readings in Reading and Responsibility and the reserve readings (so be sure to bring these as well) but may also ask questions from Does the Center Hold?

 

Part II

The multiple-choice-true-false questions will, in most cases, have more than one correct answer.  It is even possible to have a question in which all answers are correct, though there are no questions in which there are no correct answers.  Here is a sample question:

 

Which argument(s) is/are an argument(s) for the existence of God:

 

a.  The argument from design.

b.  The cosmological argument.

c.  The argument from virtue.

d.  The ontological argument.

 

Here, the correct answer would be a, b, and d, so you would circle these three, but leave c un-circled.  These multiple-choice-true-false questions cover the lecture material and on-line lecture notes from 4/6-5/4. 

 

The questions below will help you to prepare for the multiple-choice-true-false portion of the exam.  There will approximately 20 multiple-choice-true-false questions.  All of the answers to the below questions can be found on the PowerPoint slides that are posted on the web.  Go to http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/robertsm/Reading_schedule.htm and click on the link for each lecture to access the slides.

 

1.                              (4/6)  What was Thomas Hobbes' view of the justification for the state?  What is the state of nature?  What was Hobbes' view of human nature?  How did this affect his political philosophy?  What is the nature of private property according to Hobbes?  What are some objections to Hobbes' theory?

2.                              (4/6, 4/11)  What was John Locke's view of the justification of the state?  Be able to describe Locke's political philosophy.  What was Locke's view of wealth, punishment, and the justification for revolution?  What was Locke’s view of private property?

3.                              (4/11)  Be able to describe John Stuart Mill's political philosophy.  What are some objections to Mill's political philosophy?  What was Mill’s view of rights with respect to a majority?

4.                              (4/11)  Be able to describe Karl Marx's political philosophy.  What was Marx’s view of economic history?  What were Marx’s four conditions for a just society?  What were some principles for distributing wealth fairly according to Marx?  What is Marx’s view of private property?

5.                              (4/13)  Be able to describe the minimalist view of the state.  How does Robert Nozick’s view of property figure into his minimalist philosophy?  What is Nozick’s view of taxation?

6.                              (4/13)  What is liberalism?  Be able to describe John Rawls' liberal philosophy.

7.                              (4/18)  What is cultural relativism?  What is subjectivism?  What are the arguments for cultural relativism?  What are objections against cultural relativism?

8.                              (4/18)  What is moral realism (objectivism)?  What are the two models we discussed for answering the question about the nature of moral propositions (hint:  fashion and…)?  Be able to describe these models.  How does morality fit and not fit with these models?

9.                              (4/20)  What is utilitarianism?  What different definitions of happiness did we consider?  How does John Stuart Mill define happiness?  How does Mill's definition differ from Jeremy Bentham's?  What are objections to utilitarianism? 

10.                          (4/25)  What is deontology (Kantianism)?  How does Kant define what is morally right?  Is moral knowledge gained a priori or a posteriori according to Kant?  How does one assess whether a person is morally good or not?   What is the categorical imperative and how does Kant apply it to the determination of the morality of actions?  What are objections to Kantianism (deontology)?

11.                          (4/27)  What is the focus of virtue ethics?  What is the function of a human being for Aristotle?  How does Aristotle define a virtue?  How does Aristotle say we gain virtue?   

12.                          (5/2)  What arguments and rebuttals are given for the moral permissibility of capital punishment?

13.                          (5/2)  What arguments and rebuttals are given for the moral impermissibility of capital punishment?  What distinction is relevant in arguments for the moral permissibility of capital punishment (hint: killing vs….)?

14.                          (5/4)  What arguments and rebuttals are given for the moral permissibility of abortion? What arguments and rebuttals are given for the moral impermissibility of abortion?  How does the notion of personhood bear on the debate?  Does Judith Thomson think this is relevant to the debate?  What analogies does Thomson use for her argument? 

 

Essay:  Be prepared to write on 1 of the 2 following essay topics.  You will have your choice between them on the exam.  Answers should be about 3-5 pages (1 side of notebook paper, double-spaced, though you can go longer than this if you choose).  The more detail you provide in your essay, the better.

 

  1. Compare and contrast the philosophical theories of two of the following philosophers:  Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, or Karl Marx.  Include in your discussion each thinker’s view of property and how each compares or contrasts with the other.  Of the two philosophers you choose, which political philosophy do you find more persuasive and why?  You should include in your discussion objections to each of the two political philosophies you choose.

 

  1. Lay out and consider two ethical theories (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics).  Consider arguments for and against these theories and provide an evaluation of which arguments (or rebuttals) you find to be the most convincing.