Table 3. Trends in Child Poverty, 1970-1997
|
Nation |
Year of Survey |
< 1971 |
1972-1975 |
1976-1981 |
1982-1985 |
1986-1988 |
1989-1993 |
1994-19971 |
|
United States |
69, 74, 79, 86, 91, 97 |
13.1 |
17.3 |
18.5 |
|
22.9 |
21.5 |
22.7 -> 20.3 |
|
WESTERN EUROPE: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Austria |
87 |
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
Belgium |
85, 88, 92, 96 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
5.1 |
|
Denmark |
87, 92 |
|
|
|
|
5.3 |
4.0 |
|
|
Finland |
87, 91, 95 |
|
|
|
|
2.9 |
2.5 |
3.2 |
|
France |
79, 84,89, 94 |
|
|
6.3 |
6.5/8.6 |
|
7.5 |
7.2 |
|
Germany (West)2,3 |
73, 78, 83/84, 89, 94 |
|
4.0 |
3.2 |
4.8/6.4 |
|
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
Ireland |
87 |
|
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
Italy |
86, 91, 95 |
|
|
|
|
10.8 |
9.6 |
19.5 |
|
Luxembourg |
85, 91, 94 |
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
3.6 |
4.6 |
|
Netherlands4 |
83, 87, 91, 94 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
7.0 |
|
Norway |
79, 86, 91, 95 |
|
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
4.6 |
3.7 |
|
Spain |
80, 90 |
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
11.9 |
|
|
Sweden |
67, 75, 81, 87, 92, 95 |
3.5 |
1.9 |
3.9 |
|
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.4 |
|
Switzerland |
82, 92 |
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
6.4 |
6.7 |
|
United Kingdom |
69, 74, 79, 86,91, 95 |
5.3 |
7.0 |
8.5 |
|
9.9 |
16.7 |
16.3 |
|
EASTERN EUROPE: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czech Republic |
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
Hungary |
91, 95 |
|
|
|
|
|
9.5 |
10.1 |
|
Poland |
86, 92, 95 |
|
|
|
|
10.6 |
9.0 |
12.7 |
|
Russia |
92, 95 |
|
|
|
|
|
19.9 |
23.2 |
|
Slovak Republic |
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
OTHER: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
82, 86, 90, 94 |
|
|
14.0 |
13.1 |
|
14.0 |
13.5 |
|
Canada |
71, 75, 81, 87, 91, 94, 97 |
15.2 |
14.6 |
13.9 |
|
13.6 |
13.5 |
13.1 -> 13.9 |
|
Israel |
79, 86, 92, 97 |
|
|
8.2 |
|
11.1 |
10.6 |
11.3 |
|
Taiwan |
86, 91 |
|
|
|
|
5.8 |
9.9 |
|
Notes:
1. LIS has annual data for the United States from 1994 to 1997. The child poverty rates for these years are as follows: 1994: 22.7; 1995: 20.1; 1996: 19.9; 1997: 20.3
2. For comparison, the 1994 rate for West Germany is given in this table. Elsewhere in the text the rates are for all of Germany.
3. There is a survey change in Germany from 83 to 84 and after.
4. There are significant changes in the Dutch data which are likely to affect the comparability from year to year.
Rainwater, Lee and Timothy M. Smeeding. Table 1.3 “Trends in Child Poverty in Twenty-Five Countries, 1970-1997.” In Poor Kids in a Rich Country. ©Russell Sage Foundation, 112 East 64th Street, New York, NY 10021. Reprinted with permission.