IPHY 3410-100

Instructor: Dr. Leif Saul
Fall 2009

Lecture 8 Outline

JOINTS (cont'd)

III. Anatomy of synovial joints

a. Structures of the joint itself

* Articular capsule





* Reinforcing ligaments

- Capsular



- Extracapsular




- Intracapsular





Reconstructing the ACL





* Articular disc (meniscus)











b. Structures often associated with synovial joints

1. Bursa





2. Tendon sheath





IV. Movements of joints

a. Non-angular (translational) movements

Specific directions:

- Elevation



- Depression



- Protraction



- Retraction




b. Angular movements

1. Change angle between two bones

- Flexion / Extension





- Abduction / Adduction





- Circumduction





Special movements of the feet:

- Dorsiflexion / Plantar flexion





- Inversion / Eversion





2. Rotate about bone's long axis

- Left rotation / Right rotation





- Medial rotation / Lateral rotation





Special movements of the forearm:

- Pronation / Supination





V. Synovial joints classified by shape









1. Plane joint (gliding joint)











2. Hinge joint











3. Pivot joint











4. Condyloid joint











5. Saddle joint












6. Ball-and-socket joint










VI. Joint health & pathology

a. Joint stability





* Factors affecting stability:

- Shape of articular surface





- Ligaments





- Muscles






b. Injuries

* Dislocation




* Sprain




* Cartilage injury




c. Diseases

* Arthritis


- Osteoarthritis






- Rheumatoid arthritis






- Gouty arthritis (gout)







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Last modified: September 16, 2009
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