IPHY 3410-100

Instructor: Dr. Leif Saul
Fall 2009

Lecture 24 Outline

V. Peripheral nervous system (cont'd)

c. Autonomic nervous system (cont'd)

3. Parasympathetic nervous system (cont'd)

B. Gross anatomy










C. Neurotransmitters





D. Physiological responses













d. Sensory system

1. Introduction







2. General senses

A. General features




B. Types of general senses

* Mechanoreceptors



* Thermoreceptors

* Nociceptors


- Structural types of receptors

* Free nerve endings

* Encapsulated nerve endings


3. Special senses


* Chemoreception

* Hearing

* Equilibrium (balance)

* Vision

- Structural types:




VI. Special senses (in detail)

a. Hearing and equilibrium

1. External ear

* Auricle

* External acoustic meatus

* Tympanic membrane



2. Middle ear


- Ossicles:

* Malleus

* Incus

* Stapes

- Oval window



- Round window



- Pharyngotympanic tube




- Clinical notes





3. Internal ear

A. Bony labyrinth


* Semicircular canal


* Vestibule


* Cochlea


B. Membranous labyrinth


* Semicircular ducts

* Saccule and utricle

* Cochlear duct


C. Semicircular ducts






D. Saccule and utricle






Sensory pathways from maculae and cristae ampullares:





E. Anatomy of cochlea

* Scala vestibuli



* Scala tympani



* Cochlear duct


- Basilar membrane


- Spiral organ of Corti






F. Pathway of sound sensation














- Pathway of sound vibrations







- Tonotopy




G. Clinical notes on sound

* Conductive deafness

* Sensorineural deafness



* Skeletal musclels that dampen loud sounds




* Cochlear implant




d. Vision

1. Layers of the eye

A. Fibrous layer

* Sclera


* Cornea


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Last modified: November 30, 2009
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