Natural Science

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Abstract:
The aim of this research was to determine if two small molecules from NIH, Bouvardin and Maytanisol, synergize with ionizing radiation in human tumor cells. Furthermore, the secondary goal was to determine if tumor suppressor gene TP53 influences synergy in these cells. Cell survival was measured with an MTT assay, and then synergy was quantified with a combination index formula (CI). 18 human tumor cell lines were studied to investigate any possible synergy, and TP53 -/-, +/+ human cell lines were used to investigate the role of TP53. Both Bouvardin and Maytanisol synergized with ionizing radiation, although Maytanisol synergized to a lesser extent. Ultimately conclusions could not be drawn of TP53’s influence on synergy; neither of the TP53 cell lines exhibited significant amounts of synergy. The TP53 cell lines must have another factor, aside from TP53, that influences synergy. Further research should be directed towards investigating the mechanism of synergy, including the stage of probable cell cycle arrest

Introduction:
The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of two small molecules from the Developmental Therapeutics Program at the National Institutes of Health. The first compound...(more)

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Everyone is familiar with pain. We have all felt the pain that is sharp and stinging when we step on something sharp, or the pain that comes from touching something hot, like a stove. The purpose of this type of pain, called acute pain, is to warn an organism about a particular stimulus that could potentially cause harm to it. The immediate response to acute pain is to lift up our foot, or to remove our hand from the stove. A second purpose for acute pain is to learn about that particular stimulus that can potentially cause harm and to learn to avoid it in the future. Acute pain is temporary; it usually goes away with time (Wieseler-Frank, Maier, & Watkins, 2004).
Another type of pain, called pathological pain, is much more debilitating and usually chronic. It can occur after surgery when a wound has healed. It can be perceived as arising in a healthy tissue on one side of the body....(more)

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Mid-infrared (IR) through ultraviolet (UV) optical absorption spectra of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 were measured from 0 to 86 gigapascals. Measurements were taken on two sample compositions of (Mg1-xFex)AlzSiO3: x = 0.04, z = 0.02, and x = 0.10, z = 0.00. Samples were hand-polished to 10 and 20 μm thickness were raised to pressure in diamond anvil cells (DACs). It was found that proposed absorption peaks at 7000 cm-1 and 15000 cm-1 were indistinguishable at any pressure up to 43 GPa with a sample composition and thickness of x = 0.04, z = 0.02 and 20 μm respectively. However, 10 μm samples with composition x = 0.10,
z = 0.00 yielded predicted absorption peaks, as did 30 μm and 70 μm thick samples of x = 0.04, z = 0.02. A large absorption edge above 25000 cm-1 was observed for both compositions. An Fe2+ HS-LS crystal field transition between 42 and 51 GPa decreased absorption in the IR and visible ranges...(more)

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(Saturn’s B ring seems to be almost completely devoid of dust, whereas Saturn’s F ring is very dusty. What process takes place within these two rings that makes their dust content so different? I started with some calculations provided by J. A. BURNS et al. in their article “THE ETHEREAL RINGS OF JUPITER AND SATURN,” and G. R. STEWART et al. in the article entitled “COLLISION-INDUCED TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN PLANETARY RINGS.” Both articles are from the book Planetary Rings. I will try to answer this question by deriving equations for source and loss processes and determining whether the known variables differ significantly enough between the B ring and the F ring to produce the observed effects.
Introduction:
Saturn’s F ring is very dusty, whereas Saturn’s B ring is nearly devoid of dust. The reason there is no dust in the B ring is not yet understood. Can it be determined why some rings are dusty and others are not? In his book Planetary Rings Dr. Larry Esposito states, “The interparticle....(more)

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On June 9th 2006 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the vaccine Gardasil developed by pharmaceutical company Merck & Co, Inc. (Merck) designed to virtually eliminate cervical cancer caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The news of this vaccine has been met with much controversy. While some welcome it as a hope for future cures for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and urge women who have not yet become sexually active to be inoculated as soon as possible; others are skeptical. Since the vaccine has been approved from women ages 9 to 26, and is being considered as a mandatory vaccination for middle school age girls, some people believe that Gardasil will promote sexual promiscuity. Others believe that the vaccine is unnecessary given the number of cervical cancer cases caught and treated after routine scanning procedures such as Pap smears. Still others are concerned about the cost and a rare few wonder about the long term side effects of the vaccine. While these concerns might seem reasonable, Gardasil is still a useful and practical vaccine that does not promote sexual promiscuity or harm the health of the recipient....(more)

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cellophane wrapped brain to keep whats sane in...
minds fracture like glass shards
like hearts
cutting the plastic into parts
leaving worn bits behind as the departed gets started running.
i tried using rose stems to hold the pieces in place.
they bore holes with thorns
where the once torn
held me in place.
there is a vacancy in space
not so unlike the waste i find i’ve built.
trash cannot be erased
and is as invasive as silt
working its way into every nook and cranny
ohh... manny, i understand you brother.
shaking in the closet
as the world bears down

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