Hist 4339

The Rise of Gandhi

Outline

• Aftermath of Amritsar Massacre

• Gandhi’s successes (and failures) in 1920s and 1930s

• Violence and non-violence

Gandhi as Nationalist Leader

• Mass protests following Jallianwallah Bagh massacre

• Called off when violence resulted

• 1920: Gandhi recognized as de facto leader of INC

• Gandhi transformed INC into organization with mass appeal

• 1920: declared goal of “swaraj within one year” thru non-violent means

• 1922: violence at Chauri Chaura; Gandhi again calls off campaign

• Gandhi arrested, remain politically inactive for much of 1920s

• 1927: announcement of all-British Simon Commission sparks resentment

• 1929: Gandhi reemerges, INC declares purna swaraj

• 1930: new civil disobedience campaign

            ◦ Mar 1930: Salt March

            ◦ boycott of British goods, institutions

            ◦ Gandhi maintains firm control of followers

            ◦ many Muslims alienated

Gandhi’s Use of Clothing

The dandy (1890); developing new forms of clothing (1900, 1913); in loincloth (1942)