Investigations should be extended to the Land, § 1.-The field of Research, § 2.-Some of the practical advantages already obtained for Navigation, § 3.-Their importance to other Nations, § 4.
The Circulation of the Atmosphere, Plate III, § 7.-Southeast Trade-wind Region the larger, § 13.-The Offices of the Atmosphere, § 14.-It is a powerful Machine, § 17.-Whence come the Rains that feed the great Rivers ? § 19.-How vapor passes from one Hemisphere to the other, § 20.-Evaporation greatest about Latitude 17°-20°, § 24.-The Rainy Seasons, § 28.-Rainless Regions, § 30.-Why Mountains have a dry and a rainy Side, § 31.-The immense Fall of Rain upon the Western Ghauts in India: how caused, § 33.-Vapor for the Patagonia Rains comes from the North Pacific, § 34.-The mean annual Fall of Rain, § 35.-Evaporation from the Indian Ocean, § 36.-Evidences of Design, § 37.-Adaptations, § 38.
Where found, § 40.-Tallies on the Wind, § 41.-Where taken up, § 42.-Information derived from Sea Dust, § 43.-Its bearings upon the theory of Atmospherical Circulation, § 44.-Suggests an un-recognized agency, § 45.
Plate XVIII, § 46.-Monsoons, § 47.-Why the belt of Southeast is broader than the Belt of Northeast Trade-winds, 48.-Effect of Deserts upon the Trade-winds, § 49.-At Sea the Laws of Atmospherical Circulation are better developed, § 50.-RAIN WINDS, § 51.-Precipitation on Land greater than evaporation, § 52.-The place of Supply for the Vapors that feed the Amazon with Rains, § 53.-MONSOONS: How formed, § 54.-Monsoons of the Indian Ocean, § 55.-How caused, § 56.-How the Monsoon Season may be known, § 57.-Why there are no extensive Monsoons from the Northward in the Southern Hemisphere, § 59.-Why the Trade-wind Zones are not stationary, § 60.-THE CALM § 61.-HORSE LATITUDES, § 62.-THE WESTERLY WINDS, § 63.
To appreciate the offices of the Wind and Waves, Nature must be regarded as a whole, § 64.-The Dead Sea, § 65.-The Effect produced by the Upheaval of Mountains across the course of vapor-bearing Winds, § 67.-Effect of the Andes upon vapor-bearing Winds, § 69.-Geological Age of the Andes and Dead Sea compared, § 70.-Rain and Evaporation in the Mediterranean, 71.-Evaporation and Precipitation in the Caspian Sea equal, § 72.-The Quantity of Moisture the Atmosphere keeps in Circulation, § 73.-Where Vapor for the Rain that feed the Nile comes from, § 74.-Lake Titicaca, § 75.
Equatorial Doldrums, § 76.-The Offices performed by Clouds in the terrestrial Economy, § 78.-The Barometer and Thermometer under the Cloud-ring, § 79.-How its Vapors are brought by the Trade-Winds, § 81.-Breadth of the Cloud-ring, § 82.-How it would appear if seen from one of the Planets, § 83.-Observations at Sea interesting, § 84.
What the Salt in Sea Water has to do with Currents, § 85. Coral Islands, § 87.-What would be the Effect of no System of Circulation for Sea Water ? § 88.-Its Components, § 89.-The principal Agents from which Dynamical Force in the Sea is derived, § 90.-Sea and Fresh Water have different Laws of Expansion, § 95.-The Gulf Stream could not exist in a Sea of Fresh Water, § 96.-The Effect of Evaporation in producing Currents, § 97.-How the Polar Sea is supplied with Salt, § 101.-The Influence of under Currents upon open Water in the Frozen Ocean, § 102.-The Influence exerted by Shell-fish upon Currents, § 103.-They assist in regulating Climates, § 104.-How Sea Shells and Salts act as Compensations in the Machinery by which Oceanic Circulation is conducted, § 105.-Whence come the Salts of the Sea ? § 105, Page 74.
Governed by Laws, § 107.-The Inhabitants of the Sea the Creatures of Climate, § 108.-First Principles, § 109.-Currents of the Red Sea, § 110.-How an under current from it is generated, § 111.-Why the Red Sea is not salting up, § 112.-MEDITERRANEAN CURRENT, § 113.-CURRENTS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN, § 114.-A Gulf Stream along the Coast of China, § 115.-Points of Resemblance between it and the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic, § 116.-Geographical Features unfavorable to large Icebergs in the North Pacific, § 117.-Arguments in favor of return Currents, because the Sea Water is salt, § 118.-CURRENTS OF THE PACIFIC, § 119.-Discovery of an immense Body of Warm Water drifting South, § 120.-Currents about the Equator, § 121.-UNDER CURRENTS: Proof of, afforded deep Sea Soundings, § 122.-Currents caused by Changes in Specific Gravity of Sea Water, § 123.- CURRENTS OF THE ATLANTIC, § 124.-The Cap St. Roque Current not a constant Current, § 125.
Its color, § 126.-The Sargasso Sea, § 129.-Galvanic Properties of Gulf Stream Waters, § 130.-Agents that make Water in one part of the Sea heavier than in another, § 132.-Temperature of the Gulf Stream, § 136.-Why the Drift Matter of the Gulf Stream is sloughed off to the right of its Course, § 138.-Currents run along arcs of Great Circles, § 142.-The Force derived from Changes of Temperature, § 143.-Limits of the Gulf Stream for March and September, § 144.-A Cushion of Cold Water between the Bottom of the Sea and the Waters of the Gulf Stream, § 145.-It runs up hill, § 146.
The Sea a Part of a Grand Machine, § 148.-Influence of the Gulf Stream upon the Meteorology of the Sea, § 149.-Dampness of Climate of England due to it, § 150.-The Pole of Maximum Cold, § 151.-Gales of the Gulf Stream, § 152.-Influence of the Gulf Stream upon Commerce and Navigation, § 153.-Thermal Navigation, § 154.
State of our Knowledge concerning the Depths of the Sea when these researches commenced, § 155.-Results of former Methods of Deep-sea Soundings not entitled to Confidence, § 156.-The deepest Soundings reported, § 157.-Plan adopted in the Navy, § 158.-Why the Sounding-twine will not stop running out when the Plummet reaches Bottom § 159.-Indications of Under Currents, § 160.-Soundings to be made from a Boat, § 161.-Brooke's Deep-sea Sounding, Apparatus, § 162.-Deep-sea Temperature, § 163.-Rate of Descent, § 164.-Deep-sea Soundings in the United States Steamer Arctic, § 165.-Specimens from the Bottom-Microscopic examination of by Professor Bailey, § 166.-The greatest Depths at which Bottom had been found, § 167.
Height of Chimborazo above the bottom of the Sea, § 168.-The deepest Place in the Atlantic, § 169.-The Utility of Deep-sea Soundings, § 170.-A Microscopic Examination of them, § 171.-Brook's Deep-sea Lead presents the Sea in a new Light, § 172.-The Agents at work upon the Bottom of the Sea, § 173.-No running water there, § 174.-Is there any life there?-the biotic and antibiotic view, § 175.-How the Ocean is prevented from growing salter, § 176.-Knowledge of our Planet to be derived from the Bottom of the Sea, § 177.
An important discovery, § 178.-The difficulties of laying a Submarine Telegraph more in the cable than in the Sea, § 179.-The sub-Atlantic cable of 1857, § 180.-The Route for it, § 181.-The best Season for laying it, § 182.-The cable parts, § 183.-A Telegraph cable between Cuba and the United States, § 184.
The "Milky Way" in the Sea, § 185.-The hottest Months in the Sea, § 186.-A Line of invariable Temperature § 187.-How the western half of the Atlantic is heated up, § 188.-How the Cold water from Davis' Straits press upon the Gulf Stream, § 189.-How the different Isotherms travel from North to South with the Seasons, § 190.-The hottest water at Sea not at the surface, § 191.-Polar and Equatorial Drift, § 192.
Plate XIV, § 193.-The Polar Drift about Cape Horn, § 194.-How the Polar Waters in the South Atlantic force the Equatorial aside, § 195.-A Harbor for Icebergs, § 196.-Why Icebergs are not found in the North Pacific, § 197.-Drift of Warm Waters out of the Indian Ocean, § 198.-The opinion of Lieutenant Jansen, of the Dutch Navy, § 199.-A Current of Warm Water sixteen hundred miles wide, § 200.-The Pulse of the Sea, § 201.-The Circulation of the Sea like that of the Blood, § 202.-Number of Vessels engaged in the Fisheries of the Sea, § 203.-The Sperm Whale, § 204.-The Torrid Zone impassable to the Right Whale, § 205.
Insects of the Sea-how to capture, § 206.-Beautiful subject for study at Sea, § 207.-The Climates in the depths of the Ocean, with their Inhabitants, § 208.-D' Urville and Dana, § 209.-Objects of this Chapter, § 210.-Mrs. Toynbee's Letter, § 211.-Foster's Log, § 212.-Description of the Drawings, Plates XX to XXXIX, § 213.
Curves of Temperature and Specific Gravity, § 214.-Why these Observations on Specific Gravity are not corrected for temperature, § 215.-An anomaly, § 216.-A fact unmasked, § 217.-A paradox, § 218.-EXPERIMENTS ON THE THERMAL EXPANSION OF SEA WATER, § 219.-The water used, § 220.-The construction of the Instruments, § 221.-The first series of Experiments, § 222.-Maximum density of Sea Water, § 223.-Sea Water in Equatorial more expansible than Sea Water in Polar Seas, § 224.-What is Sea Water ? § 225.-Experiments on water from different parts of the Ocean, § 226.-THE THERMOMETERS GAUGED, AND THE RESULTING DILATATION OF SEA WATER, § 227.-Plate XVIII, § 228.-Experiments, § 229.-Table of Results, § 230.-Freezing points and points of Maximum Density, § 231.-Thermal Changes in the Specific Gravity of Sea Water, § 232.-Point of Minimum Density, § 233.-The Paradox (§ 218) explained, § 234.-A Thermal Tide, § 235.-The Isothermal floor of the Ocean, § 236.-Putting the North and South Atlantic Oceans in opposite scales of the Balance, § 237.-Specific Gravity of the North and South Pacific, § 238.-Suggestions of the Hydrometer, § 239.-Its uses, § 240.-Indicates the presence of open water in the Arctic Ocean, § 241.-The heaviest Water of the Sea, § 242.-Conclusions, § 243.-Subjects of Study suggested by Plates XVII and XVIII, § 244.
The Track Charts, page 281.-Trade-wind Chart,
page 281.-The Pilot Charts, page 297.-The Thermal Charts, page 303.-The
Storm and Rain Chart, page 317.-The Whale Chart, page 319.-A physical Chart
of the Sea, page 327.
List of Delegates, page 330.-Minutes of Proceedings,
page 331.-Order to Officers of the United States page 338.-Form of Log,
page 339.-Explanation of Log, page 343.-Reply to Lieutenant Vaneéchout's
Navy, enquiries, page 344.-Report of the Conference, page 348.-A good Barometer,
page 351.-The Barometric Tide, page 352.-How to find the Error of a Barometer
at Sea, page 353.-A universal system of Meteorological Co-operation and
Research both by Land and Sea recommended, page 357.-How to adjust and
use certain Nautical Instruments, page 360.-A blank Chart of Engraved Squares
to show the daily range of the Barometer at Sea to be furnished to Navigators,
page 367.-Adie's Barometer, of Kew, the best, page 375.-Account of the
Transactions of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Holland, page 376.-Flags
that are Co-operating in this System of Research, page 382.
Last Updated: on January 8, 1998 by RRR.