Study guide for
Geography 2412 final
The best way to review is to work through all of your lecture notes and assigned
readings and make sure that you understand all of it well enough to be able to write your own test questions.
The exam
will be mostly multiple-choice and a few true-false. It will have 75
questions
(15 longer than the midterm). You will have 2
½ hours
to complete the exam.
In contrast to the midterm, there will not be any graphs to identify or fill in.
Things to review
Your lecture notes/online lecture outlines from the 12 lectures since the midterm (the final is
NOT cumulative)
Do
not forget that these include 2 films and one guest lecture:
Cunningham readings – material from 9 chapters altogether (see below)
Recitation on hydrologic cycle (from the Cunningham reading)
Please remember that several topics were presented in lecture but were not in the Cunningham
textbook; these will be on the exam. They include the idea of culture; automobility;
the history
of garbage in the
Material from 9 chapters in
Cunningham that
may be on the test
Unless otherwise noted, you are responsible for all of each of the following chapters; however,
I have noted specific tables, figures, and sections that you should pay particular attention to.
Chapter 11
Biodiversity
Pay particular attention to:
Table 11.3, Table 11.4, Figures 11.15, 11.16, 18,-20
Section to pay
particular attention to:
How many species are there?
How do we benefit from biodiversity? (all)
What threatens biodiversity? (All sections on human-caused reductions in biodiversity)
Commercial products and live specimens
The Endangered Species Act (all sections related to it)
Chapter 13 Preserving
and restoring nature
(NOT the whole chapter) You are responsible for material up to p. 275 (up to the section
heading “Preserving functional ecosystems and landscapes”)
Pay attention to:
** Figures 13.2-3, 13.6, 13.10-11, 13.4-5
Don’t forget to read: Case Study, “Ecotourism on
the roof of
the world” p. 274
Chapter 16 Air
pollution
Pay particular attention to the following
figures and
sections:
Figure 16.1,
16.3; 16.10 (caption), *16.12-13, 16.19; 16.22-24, *16.26-.27;
* Table 16.2
(just the criteria pollutants -- not the standards)
Conventional or “Criteria” Pollutants (all)
Indoor air pollution
Inversions
Acid Deposition – aquatic effects, Forest Damage, Buildings and Monuments
Fuel switching and fuel cleaning
Clean Air Legislation, Clear Skies
Current conditions and future prospects, Air Pollution in developing countries
Chapter 17 Water use
and management
Pay particular attention to the following
figures and
sections:
Table 17.2, Figures 17.6-10, Figures 17.16-25; Box, “Should we Remove dams?” p. 370
The Hydrologic Cycle
Balancing the water budget
Major water compartments (all)
Types of water use
Agricultural water use
Domestic and industrial water use
Depleting Groundwater
Increasing water supplies, Desalination
Dams, reservoirs, canals, and aqueducts
Domestic Conservation
Price mechanisms and water policy
Chapter 18 Water
Pollution
(NOT the whole chapter)
Only pp. 378-382; pp. 387-89 “Areas of progress” and “Remaining Problems”; pp. 400-
402 (“Water Legislation” to end of chapter)
You do not need to know pp. 383-387; 390-400.
** Pay attention to: Figures 18.2-3, 18.6,
Table 18.2
Chapter 19
Conventional energy
Pay particular attention to the following
figures and
sections:
Figures 19.2, 19.3, *19.5, 19.7-12; 19.17
and,
Box, p. 302 “Radioactive waste disposal at
A brief energy history
Current energy sources
Per Capita consumption
How Energy is Used
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear Power, p. 416 (but not 417-419)
Radioactive waste management
Changing fortunes of nuclear power
You do NOT need to know pp. 417 – 419, or p. 424 “Nuclear fission”
Chapter 20
Sustainable Energy
Pay particular attention to the following
figures and
sections:
Box, page
470
** Figures
20.9-17, 20.20-23, 20.25-27
Conservation
Energy conversion efficiencies
Negawatt Programs, Cogeneration
Tapping solar energy (all)
Promoting renewable energy
Photovoltaic solar energy
Fuel Cells: in this section you only need to know what was presented in lecture
Energy from Biomass
Dung and methane as fuels
Hydropower
Wind energy
You do NOT need to know the last few sections (pp. 449- 451) on Geothermal energy,
Tidal and Wave Energy, and Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion
Chapter 21 Solid,
toxic, and hazardous waste
Pay particular attention to the following
figures and
sections:
* Figure 21.1-.2, 21.5, Figure 21.11, Box, p. 470 (“Cleaning up toxic waste with plants”)
Landfills
Recycling (including energy from waste, demanufacturing, reuse)
Hazardous wastes (definition, Federal legislation, Superfund sites)
How Clean is Clean?
Options for hazardous waste management?
Chapter 23 Ecological
economics
(NOT the
whole chapter)
ONLY pp. 498-501; 503-4 (“Communal property resources”); pp. 508-511 (from
“Measuring nonmarket values” up to but not including, “Trade, development and jobs.”)
Terms and concepts
IMPORTANT: The list is not exhaustive, so you should not solely rely on it for test preparation. Furthermore, you should NOT study by doing one of the following (a) looking up these terms on the web (b) looking up these terms in the Cunningham glossary. Simply writing down the definitions of these terms is not an adequate way to study. This list is meant only as a reminder of the topics that we have covered.
You should go through and review your notes and readings for each of these topics. You should also use it to identify your strengths and weaknesses; check whether you have finished all assigned readings, whether you have been to all lectures, etc. When reviewing terms, ask yourself how these terms are applied, how they relate to other terms on the list, what the relevant facts are, and what examples are raised in the textbook or recitation.
Culture
ethnobotany
automobility
SUV advertising
trash production over time
recycling
sanitary landfills
fossil fuels
coal
oil
natural gas
political economy of oil
petroviolence
OPEC
Arctic national wildlife refuge
nuclear power
Price Anderson act
Energy conservation
Energy efficient technologies
solar energy (all of the different forms)
Fuel cells
biomass energy
Cogeneration
Negawatt
Wind power
Hydropower – large and small
schistosomaisis
water consumption
Reverse metering
Biogas digester
hydrologic cycle
drip irrigation
aquifers
precipitation
transpiration
infiltration
groundwater
Environmental injustice
Redlining
Hazardous wastes
CERCLA
RCRA
brownfields
bioremediation
Point, non-point, primary, secondary pollution
air pollution
water pollution
criteria pollutants
ozone
acid rain
indoor air pollution
surface temperature inversions
toxic release inventory
particulate matter
photochemical oxidant
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
wetland protection
new source review
sinkholes, subsidence, saltwater intrusion
Endangered Species Act
CITES
biodiversity
extinction
biopiracy
wilderness
wildlife refuge
national parks
ecological economics vs. neoclassical economics
externalities
cost-benefit analysis
tragedy of the commons