The exam will cover material from the lectures and the text, starting after the midterm with the Nov. 3 lecture, beginning with non-fossil fuel energy (Chap 9, p 172). Material on which you will be examined will have been introduced and described in lecture, and covered in the text. A few key concepts from recitation exercises will be included in the exam, but because you are being graded separately on exercises they are not reflected in the exam in a major way. Some general principles, introduced before the midterm but that run through the course, may be covered.

To prepare for the exam, use your lecture notes as the key pointer to more detailed material in the text. Use the posted lecture notes to correlate with your own notes, keeping in mind that they are outlines/notes and not verbatim transcripts of lectures.

The following pointers on what to study also indicate by omission areas we skipped in the textbook.

Chap. 9: sections 9.4, 9.5, and 9.6, see Nov. 3 notes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-fossil fuels sources like nuclear, and renewables? What progress have we made in energy use efficiency?

Chap. 10: Global Warming (sections 10.7 and 10.8; but please note that your lecture notes should go well beyond the modest amount of material in the text. This was also linked that week’s recitation material). What is the basic physical problem? What likely impacts? What policy response now on-going? What weaknesses of the UN Framework and Kyoto Protocol?

Chap. 12: The Hydrologic Environment. Know sections: 12.1; 12.4; 12.5; 12.6; 12.8. Be sure to recognize the interactions of variables in the hydrologic equation: P=I + ET + Ro. Also, streamflow changes due to human activities; ground water safe yield; consumptive vs non-consumptive uses; and degrading uses.

Chap. 14: Solid and Hazardous Waste: entire chapter. See lecture notes for key points.

Skip Chap. 15.

Chap. 16: Biodiversity and Land Use: Especially use both the text and lecture notes on this chapter. Know species, extinction, and island biogeography. Then: human causes of extinction and aspects of species that make them vulnerable, see lecture notes. Ways to preserve species, sec. 16.7 plus lecture notes. Why preserve species?--- see lecture notes for reasons to preserve species.

Chap 17: Open land resources. You can downplay the details of forestry and grazing resources given here, but correlate the small amount of text material on parks and wilderness to your more extensive lecture notes.

Chap 18: Managing the Environment: We will examine the policy institutions and mechanisms; using pp. 384-392. Then go to lecture notes for more about international and domestic institutions and policies. These should be on the web by Monday, Dec. 8, though some of the material might bleed into the last class on dec. 10, when we’ll wrap up and review.

(1) Human development in watersheds tends to:

1. recharge aquifers
2. reduce runoff
3. increase precipitation
4. decrease infiltration

(3) According to the theory of Island Biogeography, as habitat size declines, the probability of species extinction in that patch of habitat:

(a) declines

(b) increases

(c) depends on the edge effect

(d) remains the same

Match these toxic qualities of hazardous materials with their human (and other animal) health effects:

(5) teratogens

(6) carcinogens

(7) mutagens

(8) infectious substances

(9) T/F Under the 1973 Endangered Species Act, a species is listed as "threatened" if it is in immediate danger of extinction.

(10) T/F Industry lobbying groups (like the Chemical Manufacturers Association) are examples of Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) with an important role in environmental management.

 (11) T/F Greenhouse gases tend to absorb out-going terrestrial (long-wave) radiation. 

Answers: 1=d; 2=c; 3=b; 4=b; 5=c; 6=d; 7=a; 8=b; 9=F; 10=T; 11=T