Please put your name, student number, recitation section and version number on the Answer Sheet

                                                                    GEOGRAPHY 1982

                                                         WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

                                                                   MID-TERM EXAM #2

True or False: 2 points each.

 1.  The majority of children in the less developed world receive at least a primary education.

 2. The soils of the tropical rain forests in Africa are among the most fertile in the world.

 3.  U.S. large corporations were generally recognized as the National Champions of the economy              
in the two decades following World War II. 

 4.  In the U.S., we have moved from high value-added production to high-volume production                         
over the last few decades. 

 5.  The emergence of the concept of development has moved from an initially quite complex                        
topic to one today that is primarily focused on and measured by only economic variables. 

 6.  The per capita Gross National Product (GNP) of industrialized countries is over 50 times that                    
of poor countries. 

 7.  The goal of modeling diffusion is to predict how to encourage or discourage the spread of                         
innovations.  

 8   The slide show on Latin America featured the Amazon. 

 9.  Hierarchical diffusion is based not primarily on distance, but on some ranked category, such as                  
size or wealth.

10.  The Latin American slide show featured landscape aspects of the drug trade in Colombia.

11.  The slide show on the U.S. featured several major U.S. cities.

12. A good example of the logistic curve of adoption would show that everyone logically adapts an              
interesting innovation initially at the very same time. 

13.  Human capital is among the most vital sources of economic development for the future.

14.  The U.S. has the lowest teenage pregnancy rate in the world. 

15.  The U.S. leads the world in its percent share of global greenhouse emissions and in terms of                     
arms trade exports. 

16.  In the early days of U.S. development in the 18th-19th century, development could occur                            
anywhere, and it was not constrained by such things as access to markets, energy, etc. 

17.  The U.S. has the highest rate of female education of adults (>25 years old) in the world.

18.  The U.S. is one of the top 3 countries in providing development assistance to the developing                    
world (measured on a percent of GNP per capita basis)  

19.  The concept of sustainable development argues that we should be able to meet the needs of the             
current generation without compromising the needs of future generations. 

20.  The slide show on the U.S. featured our 10 largest airports and the problems they face. 

21  The coastline of Africa has less mileage than that of Europe.

22. The World Bank Structural Adjustment Reforms include attempts at subsidizing housing to help the         
 poor, not allowing national currencies to become part of the global currency markets, using tariffs to        
protect local production, & increasing the role of government in the economy.  

23. In terms of ideological positions on development, a conservative would argue for greater                       
participation in the global economy, while a radical would argue for lesser participation.

24. Dependency Theory refers to the thought that colonial countries become dependent on their                      
colonies and become weakened by doing anything to maintain that economic relationship .

25. Professor Gaile has encouraged you to vote in this election.  


MULTIPLE CHOICE: There is one and only one most correct answer. 2 points each

 26. The Scramble for Africa refers to:

a) the Cold War efforts by superpowers to align countries on their side

b) the competition among European colonial countries in the 19th century for colonial territory

c) the shifting allegiances in the current conflicts among African countries for political allies

27. In Latin America, oligarchies were

a) governments ruled by the few--a privileged group

b) a powerful group of olive growers

c) a strong political group who argued for allowance of belief in other than Catholicism

28. Land reform has always been a central issue in Latin America. It's main argument is that:

a) land should increasingly be moved into the more productive category

b) instead of growing local crops, export crops would be more productive

c) land should be redistributed to increase productivity and reduce social unrest.

29. Urban primacy in Africa refers to the fact that

a) two cities in African are part of the top five trading cities in the world.

b) main cities in many African countries have far greater populations than the next largest city in their countries.

c) All five of the largest cities in the world are in Africa.

30. Creative Destruction is a term used to describe:

a) changing investment strategies from lower to higher yielding efforts

b) getting rid of really ugly buildings

c) engineering cool mounds of debris

31.  The textbook talks about New York City and argues that:

a) many manufacturing jobs have been lost in the last several decades

b) most of the city's residential area has been abandoned

c) it has seriously lost its strong role in the international economy

32. The New West in the United States is characterized by

a) the great majority of the land has been bought by private developers in the last decade

b) about half the land is still federally-owned or managed.

c) local zoning restrictions constrain change over the majority of the area

33. Rocky Flats, near Boulder, is described in the book as:

a) a superfund site where extreme pollution has occurred

b) a great place for extreme rock-climbing

c) an oxymoron, where a flat place is being described as rocky.

34. The gap between rich and the poor in the U.S. is:

a) seriously narrowing

b) is indeed widening

c) is no longer an issue, since policies for >evening= are in lace

35. Cascadia refers to:

a) the declining areas of the old industrial manufacturing belt

b) a new region across the country where dot.com technologies are cascading upwards to prominence.

c) an area in the Pacific Northwest where Canada and the U.S. have joint multiple interests

36. Canada is different from the U.S.A. in that it:

a) became independent first and evolved its own distinctive economy.

b) it has never been highly industrialized, and the primary sector is still dominant in the economy

c) has moved people away from the borders of the U.S. for nation-building purposes

37. When speaking of new regional economies the text argues:

a) there is an economic shift away from the old rustbelt to places in the West, Southwest and South

b) there is a population shift to the heartland based on a triangle of Chicago-Boston-Philadelphia

c) an argument that California dominates the new economy.

38. In Las Vegas, Nevada the earth has subsided by five feet due to:

a) sales of earth and topsoil to Los Angeles

b) groundwater pumping

c) the accumulated weight of slot machines

39. What makes Latin America a cohesive geographic region is that:

a) it shares a roughly common post-Colombian history, with Hispano-Portugese colonists

b) as Dan Quayle noted, they all speak Latin here

c) the interior had never been settled, and it was always a set of seagoing societies

40. El Nino events are most strongly associated with:

a) political coups

b) rapid population increase

c) climate change-related events

41. Africa is often called the cradle of mankind because:

a) sociologists note that many early Africans tended to exhibit infantile qualities

b) most of the early national contracts between nation-states were forged by Egypt

c) it is likely that the human species (homo sapiens) originated in Africa

42. In Africa, we talk about the femininization of poverty which refers to the fact that:

a) more than 2/3rds of the people who are in the ranks of the poor are women

b) what women think is poor is not what everyone else thinks is poor

c) not having stylish clothes can mean being poor

43. The textbook authors argue that there has been in Africa:

a) a colonial catharsis which has absolved all colonial power from their earlier transgressions

b) an urban bias which has resulted in a tendency to invest disproportionately in cities

c) a new communism which argues for equitable sharing of property

44. The Treaty of Tordesillas was important for geography because it:

a) settled upon an agreement for a common map projection

b) divided up land between colonial countries based on the Pope=s recommendation

c) made a major impact on food preferences based on longitude

45. Manufacturing using maquiladoras features the use of Mexican workers for:

a) the creative use of arts and crafts workers to fashion products for the American markets

b) low wage assembly line workers to produce goods which have favorable duty-customs arrangements.

c) using local Mexican laborers to exploit US markets for producing illegal goods.

46. Mestizos in Latin America are people of:

a: acquired wealth through plantation rights

b) artisans who have learned the age-old way of weaving

c) people of mixed racial heritage

47. African socialism:

a) took a populist form in Africa and was embraced by several countries including Tanzania and Ghana

b) refers to the desire to avoid government altogether, and return to traditional society

c) is the term South Africa used to argue for apartheid

48. Genocide has occured recently in Africa, and is best shown by the conflicts in:

a) Botswana

b) Malawi

c) Rwanda and Burundi

49. Pastoral societies in Africa:

a) have a unique economy based on art work portraying woodland and garden settings

b) have an economy relying predominantly on animals

c) are known for their early devotion to Christianity, and their adherence to strict forms of it.

50. Drugs are a reality of Latin American Geography:

a) most of the drug export is controlled by powerful families in Colombia and Mexico

b) the drug trafficking actually unites many countries and provides a formal solidarity

c) the end of drug production is clear in the next 10 years                                                       VERSION B