GEOGRAPHY 1982
PROFESSOR ELIZABETH DUNN
VERSION A
NAME______________________________________________________
TA AND SECTION NUMBER___________________________________
ON YOUR SCANTRON, PLEASE FILL IN YOUR NAME AND YOUR RECITATION SECTION NUMBER
Where the scantron asks you for your gender, please put the version of the test you are taking, which is A.
Please choose the BEST answer for each question.
1) Which of the following statements are TRUE?
A) South Asia is one of the poorest parts of the world
B) Parts of India have such highly trained workers that they have become major players in the global software industry.
C) The states (or provinces) of India are as culturally and linguistically different from one another as, say, Italy is from France.
D) All of the above
E) Just A and B
2) Which of the following statements about Kashmir is CORRECT?
A) Many Muslim Kashmiris hope to join their homeland to Pakistan. Others would rather see it emerge as an independent country.
B) Both Pakistan and India claim that Kashmir is rightfully theirs.
C) India and Pakistan have fought several wars over Kashmir, and as of today the territory is split, with India and Pakistan each controlling roughly half.
D) Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, making this one of the most dangerous conflicts in the world today.
E) All of the above.
3) In the 1970s, South Asia experienced what was called the "Green Revolution." What was that?
A) The election of environmentalist parties to national office
B) A large upswing in bribery, leading to kleptocracy
C) The introduction of new farming methods which increased crop yields
D) A major climate shift that happened when so-called "greenhouse" gases could not escape.
4) Which of the following statements are TRUE?
A) The caste system is based on the notion of social pollution. Members of lower castes, such as the "untouchables," are considered to be polluting to the upper castes, such as the Brahmins.
B) India and Pakistan were partitioned in 1947 to keep Hindi speakers separate from speakers of Gujarati.
C) Members of the Jain religion traditionally specialize in butchering cattle.
D) Just A and B
E) All of the above
5) In most of Southeast Asia, people traditionally subsisted by practicing swidden agriculture. Now, as population densities rise, people can no longer make enough to eat this way. What are many rural people doing instead?
A) Practicing slash-and-burn agriculture
B) Growing cash crops-most notably opium-for a global market
C) Growing genetically modified crops obtained from global agribusinesses like Cargill and Monsanto.
D) None of the above
6) People who move within a country-like the people who were relocated from Java to the less populated islands of Indonesia, or like the young rural women who leave the villages to work in the factories in the special economic zones-are called……..
A) maquiladoras
B) seraphim
C) transmigrants
D) braceros
7) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Southeast Asia is not heavily urbanized.
B) Bangkok is an example of a primate city
C) Islam is the only religion in Southeast Asia
D) In the 1970s, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all had Communist governments.
8) In 1975, the Portuguese finally withdrew from East Timor, an island near Indonesia. The Timorese, who are mainly Christians, expected that they would become independent. Instead, Indonesia invaded. What is the status of East Timor today?
A) It has become part of Indonesia
B) Indonesia has withdrawn, and East Timor is currently being run as a UN protectorate.
C) American troops are occupying East Timor
D) It has become a province of Thailand
9) In the 1960s, the United States launched a war in Vietnam based on the theory that if Vietnam fell to the Communists, so would Laos and Cambodia, and then Burma, Thailand and Malaysia. What was this theory called?
A) The contamination theory
B) The Brezhnev doctrine
C) The domino theory
D) The LBJ complex
10) Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A) North America is an example of a postindustrial economy.
B) North America is highly urbanized, with more than 75% of the region's population in cities.
C) There is now a trend towards counterurbanization, where "lifestyle migrants" leave the cities to settle in rural areas.
D) North American cities are currently characterized by strong urban centralization. This means that neatly bounded central business districts encompass most businesses and shopping opportunities.
11) True or false? The rate and degree of cultural assimilation is the same for all immigrant groups.
A) True
B) False
12) One of the biggest challenges facing Canada today is….
A) Monty Python's vicious stereotypes about Canadian lumberjacks
B) A potential revolution by First Nations peoples in the new province of Nunavut.
C) Continuing reliance on the British Crown for domestic and foreign policy decisions
D) An influx of Italian salami which is destroying the Canadian Bacon industry
E) Questions about whether the province of Quebec will secede or remain a part of Canada.
13) At the beginning of the twentieth century, about 20% of the American population was engaged in farming. Now, only about 2% of the population is involved in agriculture. Because most of the nation's labor force is no longer dependent on extracting natural resources but is instead involved in manufacturing or information processing, we can say that America has undergone…..
A) Gentrification
B) A sectoral transformation
C) Increased connectivity
D) A dramatic decrease in the amount of asparagus produced
14) True or False? Folk taxonomies have little impact on society because they are ways of sorting people that have no biological basis.
A) True
B) False
15) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Race is socially constructed. As a result, race has no real effect on people's livelihoods.
B) Races are biological categories that can be identified using physical features known as phenotypes.
C) Race is socially constructed, but racial categories have real effect on people's livelihoods.
D) There is little variation within racial groups in regard to identifying phenotypes such as nose width, hair color, and body type.
16) Which of the following best defines environmental racism?
A) The idea that societies should try to minimize their impact on the natural environment through conservation measures and "clean technologies" such as solar or wind power.
B) The idea that minority groups and poor people suffer a disproportionate share of environmental pollution.
C) The idea that nation-states should write laws to protect the natural environment from destruction.
D) The idea that white people damage the environment more than black people.
17) Why do US companies relocate to SEZs along the US-Mexico border?
A) There are fewer environmental regulations.
B) Wages are lower and unions are weaker.
C) Companies get the same benefits they would get by relocating to Asian labor markets, but with much lower transportation costs.
D) Some US companies get tax breaks and other incentives from the Mexican government.
E) All of the above.
18) Why did the citizens of Choropampa get sick?
A) The town's ground water was contaminated
B) Air pollution from the mine
C) A truck spilled mercury in the town
D) An outbreak of polio
E) An outbreak of cholera
19) True or False? Development means different things to different people.
A) True
B) False
20) In the lecture on agribusiness and industrial agriculture, we learned that beef producers cut down their production costs by:
A) Producing fewer and fewer units for the slaughterhouse, but increasing quality
B) producing fewer and fewer units for the slaughterhouse without consideration of the quality of the meat
C) spreading the cost of production over a larger number of units for slaughter, thereby achieving an economy of scale
D) reducing technological inputs (i.e., sophisticated machinery) used in agricultural and beef production
E) None of the above
21) The Grameen bank is an outstanding example of:
A)the WTO's and IMF's inconsiderate attitude toward women in developing countries
B) the potential successes micro-lending programs might have in alleviating economic misery on a village level
C) sure-fire cultural imperialism due to structural policies in which villages receiving Grameen loans are forced to accept genetically modified seeds
D) The benefits of making direct loans to men in patriarchal village settings
E) The Bush administration's attentiveness to the needs of Latin America
22) True or False? Latin American countries most often have three or four cities of equal size. They do not exhibit any tendency towards urban primacy.
A) True
B) False
23) True or False? Many Latin American cities are circled by squatter settlements, where poor people live in ramshackle housing without running water, sewers or paved roads.
A) True
B) False
24) Historically in Latin America, colonial governments granted huge tracts of land to colonists and promised them they could use the labor of the indigenous Indians who lived there. This system was called:
A) The employment system
B) The encomienda system
C) The Zapatista system
D) The agrarian reform system
25) What is a cline?
A) The idea that when we map out any human trait, the percentage of people with a given trait declines gradually as you move further away from the place where the trait is most prevalent.
B) The concept that people's temperaments are related to the region's climate.
C) A concept which shows how human beings can be separated into neatly bounded groups on the basis of a few physical features
D) Professor Dunn's favorite country western singer, who died in a plane crash.
26) True or False? Statistics show that on average, a person's wealth, lifespan and health are affected by his or her "race."
A) True
B) False
27) Choose the correct statement about trends in American farming over the last 100 years.
28) True or False? It costs more money to go into farming than ever before. That is to say, farming has become more capital intensive than ever before.
A) True
B) False
29) True or False? Given what you know about both the Zapatistas and Rwandan politics, it's safe to say that the experience of colonialism still affects peoples around the world
A) True
B) False
30) Which of the following groups was NOT mentioned in lecture as one of the groups that settled the US-Mexican borderlands?
A) Jews
B) Chinese
C) Yaqui Indians
D) Spaniards
E) All of the above groups settled in the US-Mexico border area.
31) True or False? Latin America, like Europe, has supranational organizations that facilitate trade between nations.
A) True
B) False
32) In much of Latin America, a certain percentage of the population is classified as mestizo. Who are the mestizos?
A) People who are from the province of Mestizo in Mexico.
B) A local Indian tribe.
C) People of mixed Indian and European ancestry
D) People of Chinese or Japanese descent whose ancestors settled in Brazil, Peru, and Argentina.
E) None of the above
33) In the last three decades, migrants from El Salvador, Chile, Nicaragua and Guatemala have all made their way to the United States. What factors drove them to emigrate?
A) Civil wars
B) Economic Hardship
C) Religious persecution
D) All of the above
E) Only A and B
34) Which of the following statements about the Columbian Exchange is FALSE?
A) It was a vast biological swap between the Old World and the New World, in which both sides brought new crops, animals and diseases to the other side.
B) It gave Europeans such important foods as the potato, corn, tomatoes and hot peppers.
C) It gave the Americas important cash crops like sugar and coffee, which later led to the development of plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean.
D) The Amerindian natives of the Americas came out ahead in this swap.
E) None of these statements are false.
35) True or False? Many indigenous peoples of Latin America practice a syncretic religion.
A) True
B) False
36) Which of the following is an example of a subnational organization?
A) The Organization of American States
B) The Panamanian government
C) FARC, the Marxist revolutionary group in Columbia
D) Mercosur
37) For many years, Latin American countries tried to protect their domestic industries by putting high tariffs and taxes on goods from other countries. This policy is known as….
A) Aymara adoption
B) Import substitution
C) Export rejection
D) Latifundia
E) Minifundia
38) The Americas share a history of colonialism and conquest by European countries. The main colonizers of South America were….
A) Portugal and Spain
B) Sigfried and Roy
C) France and Spain
D) France and England
E) None of the Above
39) True or false? According to Ian Feinhandler's lecture, the US sponsored "Plan Columbia" was only aimed at reducing the supply of cocaine to US markets.
A) True
B) False
40) In the 1990s, many Latin American countries adopted neoliberal policies on the advice of the World Bank. Which of the following are elements of neoliberal economic policy programs?
A) Emphasis on privatization of state-owned assets
B) Export production
C) Active seeking of direct foreign investment
D) Few restrictions on imports
E) All of the above
41) Which of the following statements about dollarization are TRUE?
A) It means that a country either accepts US dollars along with its national currency, or completely replaces its currency with US dollars.
B) It usually increases inflation in the countries that adopt the dollar.
C) It means that any country that dollarizes loses control of its monetary policy.
D) All of the above
E) Just A and C
42) Latin America experienced an unexpected decline in overall rates of population growth in the 1980s and 1990s. What was the primary cause?
A) Emigration (out-migration)
B) AIDS epidemic
C) Famine
D) Shift to urban living
E) Cholera
43) A system of communally held lands that resulted from the Mexican revolution in 1910 is known as….
A) Encomienda
B) Ejidos
C) Latifundia
D) Minifundia
44) Which of the following is true about the Zapatistas?
A) They base their movement on Zorro, the hero of a 1950's television show.
B) They are named after Emiliano Zapata, who led a revolution against the colonial system in Mexico.
C) They use modern technology to tell a worldwide audience that they pay the costs of globalization but receive none of its benefits.
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above
45) True or False? On Mexico's haciendas during the colonial period, peasants were forced to pay so much for housing and food that they were constantly in debt to the owner of the hacienda. This made it impossible for them to leave and seek work elsewhere.
A) True
B) False
46) True or False? Most Latin American countries have a very large informal sector which includes both semi-legal activities (like street vending) and illegal activities (like the drug trade).
A) True
B) False
47) True or False? The Zapatistas support NAFTA, because they think it will bring more foreign investors who will create good jobs for the poor.
A) True
B) False
48) The Grameen Bank works by using one of the following resources that the poor do have as security in financing individual entrepreneurial projects. Which resource is it?
49) According to guest lecturer Tony Bebbington, development as empowerment involves:
A) Freedom to have a political voice and to participate in society.
B) Freedom from persecution and oppression.
C) Conflict between competing groups.
D) All of the above.
E) A and B only.
50) According to the lecture on the geography of oil, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A) Oil has been a key strategic commodity for less than 100 years.
B) The US dependency on foreign oil influences US foreign policy.
C) Canada is not a significant exporter of oil to the US.
D) Over the last 30 years the U.S. has decreased its dependence on Persian Gulf oil.
E) The single largest exporter of oil to the U.S. is Venezuela.