Geography 6742  Seminar in Cultural Geography

Spring Semester, 2009

Wednesdays 3:00 – 5:50  Guggenheim 201e

http://www.colorado.edu/geography/class_homepages/geog_6742_s09/

updated 3/12/09

 

Oakes details

Email: toakes@colorado.edu

Web page: http://spot.colorado.edu/~toakes/

Phone: 3/ 492 8310

Office: Guggenheim 108

Office hours:  Thursdays 11-2

 

This seminar offers an overview to the field of cultural geography, examines debates and developments concerning the two key concepts of place and landscape, and explores in greater detail my own area of research interest in cultural economy and related topics of cultural governance, development, themed landscapes and place-branding.  The course recognizes from the outset that cultural geography remains notoriously difficult to define or characterize in any coherent way.  Cultural geography is treated here as a loose assemblage of conceptions, methods, theories, and politics reflecting an array of understandings of both culture and geography.  Generally, my approach is to consider two dominant modes of inquiry in cultural geography, one broadly materialist with an orientation toward social constructivism, and the other broadly humanist with an orientation toward phenomenology, existentialism, and being.  The former orientation emphasizes questions of epistemology while the latter emphasizes questions of ontology.  While I do not regard these as mutually exclusive frameworks for examining human and social phenomena, they have formed the dominant centers of gravity around which critical debates within the field have developed.

 

Readings

We will read four books in their entirety:

  • Robert Foster, Coca Globalization: Following Soft Drinks from New York to New Guinea (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
  • Steven Gregory, The Devil Behind the Mirror: Globalization and Politics in the Dominican Republic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).
  • Patricia Price, Dry Place: Landscapes of Belonging and Exclusion (Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 2004)
  • Thomas Thornton, Being and Place Among the Tlingit (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008

 

All other readings are available online, either via Norlin e-reserve (indicated by an asterisk and found at http://libraries.colorado.edu/search/p) or via Chinook http://libraries.colorado.edu.

 

Requirements

Being there:  The expectation of regular attendance, preparation for and complete participation in all meetings goes without saying.  This doesn’t mean you have to be a blabbermouth.  It is everyone’s responsibility to ensure a meeting environment in which all voices are encouraged, heard, and respected.

Facilitating:  Everyone is expected to facilitate the discussion for one meeting (see below).

Writing:  The primary product of the seminar is your research essay, 20-30 pages in length (8,000-10,000 words).  It is expected that this paper will be submitted to a journal of your choice for publication consideration.  Extended abstracts and bibliographies for the paper will be due 3/18.  Final papers will be due 4/29.  I will be scheduling mandatory meetings during early March in which we will discuss your paper topic, resources, and strategies for publication.

            In addition to the research paper, you will also have a ‘mid-term’ exam of sorts.  This will be a single essay question written in the style of a comprehensive exam question you might expect in the field of cultural geography.  This will occur during the week of 3/18 (but not during class).

 

Facilitators

Each week’s topic will have a designated facilitator.  Facilitating involves three separate responsibilities.  1) Write a brief discussion paper (see below) on the week’s readings, to be circulated no later than 3:00 PM on the Monday prior to class.  2) Facilitate discussion during the meeting.  3) Write a brief follow-up to be circulated no later than 6:00 PM on the Friday following class.

 

Discussion papers

Your discussion paper should do several things:

  • Offer an interpretation of the arguments presented in the readings.  Note that an interpretation is not the same as a summary.  Do not simply paraphrase and restate the key points.  Instead, offer your own understanding of the arguments, why they are (or are not) significant, and what their strengths and/or weaknesses may be.  This will necessarily be a selective rather than comprehensive interpretation of the readings.
  • Relate the readings to other work.  Try and situate the readings in a broader scholarly conversation.
  • Offer some questions about the readings and their overall theme or topic for discussion and provocation.

 

Grades

Facilitating:                             25%

Writing:

Comp Question           20%

Research Paper            55%

 

Additional Resources

The following collections of essays on Cultural Geography may be helpful, in your facilitation assignments.  Lists of additional readings may also appear on updated versions of the course webpage.

 

Anderson, Kay and Fay Gale (eds.) Inventing Places; studies in cultural geography. (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992).

Anderson, Kay, Mona Domosh, Steve Pile and Nigel Thrift (eds.). Handbook of Cultural Geography (London: Sage, 2003).

Amin, Ash and Nigel Thrift (eds.). The Blackwell Cultural Economy Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).

Anheier, Helmut and Yudhishthir Raj Isar (eds.). The Cultural Economy (London: Sage, 2008).

Atkinson, David, Peter Jackson, David Sibley, and Neil Washbourne (eds.). Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts (London: I.B.Tauris, 2005).

Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice (London: Sage, 2000).

Blunt, Alison, et al. (eds.). Cultural Geography in Practice (London: Arnold, 2003).

Crang, Mike. Cultural Geography (London and New York: Routledge).

Duncan, James, Nuala Johnson, and Richard Schein (eds.). A Companion to Cultural Geography (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).

Foote, Kenneth., Peter Hugill, Kent Mathewson, and Jonathan Smith (eds.). Re-Reading Cultural Geography. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994).

Hubbard, Phil, Rob Kitchen and Gill Valentine (eds.). Key Thinkers on Space and Place (London: Sage, 2004).

Mikesell, Marvin and Philip Wagner (eds.). Readings in Cultural Geography. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).

Oakes, Timothy and Patricia Price (eds.). The Cultural Geography Reader (London and New York: Routledge, 2008).

Shurmer-Smith, Pamela (ed.). Doing Cultural Geography (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002).

Thrift, Nigel and Sarah Whatmore (eds.). Cultural Geography: Critical Concepts in the Social Sciences.  Volumes 1 & 2 (London and New York: Routledge, 2004).

 

Schedule of topics and readings (Weekly facilitators identified in Red)

 

DEFINING THE FIELD

1/14     Overview – A Transatlantic Genealogy

 

1/21     The Sauerian Legacy (Tim)

*C. Sauer, “The Morphology of Landscape” from: University of California Publications in Geography, 2:2 (1925), 19 – 54.

C. Sauer, C. “Forward to historical geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 31:1 (1941): 1-24.

M. Mikesell, “Tradition and innovation in cultural geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers  63:1 (1978): 1-16.

*W. Zelinsky, “Process,” Chapter 3 from: The Cultural Geography of the United States (1973), pp. 67-108.

J. Parsons, “Geography as exploration and discovery.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67:1 (1977): 1-16.

 

Additional resources

M. Kenzer (“Milieu and the ‘intellectual landscape’: Carl O. Sauer’s undergraduate heritage,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 75:2 (1985)

D. Livingstone, The Geographical Tradition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992).

T. Oakes, “Place and the Paradox of Modernity,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87:3 (1997).

C. Sauer, Land and Life, ed. J. Leighly (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963).

M. Williams, “‘The apple of my eye’: Carl Sauer and historical geography,” The Journal of Historical Geography 9:1 (1983).

               

1/28     The Cultural Turn (Ken Foote)

*C. Geertz, “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture,” pp. 3-30 in C. Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973).

J. Duncan, “The superorganic in American cultural geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 79:2 (1980): 181-198.

*D. Cosgrove & P. Jackson, “New directions in cultural geography,” Area 19:2 (1987): 95-101.

*J. Duncan, “After the civil war: reconstructing cultural geography as heterotopia,” in K. Foote et al. (eds.), Re-Reading Cultural Geography (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994), pp. 401-408.

 

Additional resources

L. Abu-Lughod, "Writing against culture," in R. Fox (ed.), Recapturing Anthropology:  Working in the Present (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1991), pp. 137-162.

C. Barnett, “The cultural turn: fashion or progress in human geography?” Antipode 30:4 (1998): 379-394.

D. Cosgrove, “Towards a radical cultural geography: problems of theory. Antipode 15:1 (1983), 1-11.

S. Hall, “New cultures for old,” in D. Massy and P. Jess, eds., A Place in the World? Places, Cultures, and Globalization (Oxford, 1997).

P. Jackson, “The heritage of cultural geography,” in Maps of Meaning (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), pp. 9-24.

D. Matless, “Culture run riot?  Work in social and cultural geography, 1994.” Progress in Human Geography 19:3 (1995): 395-403.

M. Price & M. Lewis, “The reinvention of cultural geography,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83:1 (1993)

W. H. Sewell, "The concept(s) of culture," in V. Bonnell and L. Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999): 35-61.

N. Thrift, “Literature, the production of culture, and the politics of place.” Antipode 15:1(1983), 12-23.

               

2/4       Cultural Materialism (Adam Williams, with a guest appearance by Joe Bryan)

*E.P. Thompson, “The rituals of mutuality” and “Myriads of eternity” from The Making of the English Working Class, pp. 418-429 and 444-447.

*R. Williams, “Culture,” and selections from “Cultural Theory” in Marxism and Literature, pp. 11-20 and 75-135.

*H. G. Klaus, "Cultural materialism:  a summary of principles," in Raymond Williams:  Politics, Education, Letters. J. Morgan and P. Preston (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993): 88-104.

*P. Jackson, “Culture & Ideology,” Chapter 3 from Maps of Meaning (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989), pp. 47-75.

 

Additional resources

K. Anderson, “Cultural hegemony and the race definition process in Chinatown, Vancouver; 1880-1980.” Environment and Planning D 6 (1988): 127-149.

C. Barker, Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice (London: Sage, 2000).

P. Glennie & N. Thrift, “Reworking E. P. Thompson's ‘Time, work-discipline and industrial capitalism'” Time & Society 5:3 (1996).

B. Longhurst, “Raymond Williams and local cultures.” Environment and Planning A 23:2 (1991): 229-238.

D. Mitchell, “Culture wars: culture is politics by another name,” in Cultural Geography: A Critical Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), 2-36.

R. Williams, Culture and Society, 1780-1950 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1958).

R. Williams, Culture (London: Fontana, 1981).

P. Willis, Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs (Farnborough: Saxon House, 1977).

 

2/11     Postculture? (Tim)

D. Mitchell, “There's no such thing as culture:  towards a reconceptualization of the idea of culture in geography,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20 (1995): 102-116.

A. Gupta, and J. Ferguson “Beyond 'culture': space, identity, and the politics of difference,” Cultural Anthropology 7:1 (1992): 6-23.

J. Duncan, & Nancy Duncan. “Culture unbound.” Environment and Planning A 36 (2004), 391-403.

A. Latham, “Research, performance, and doing human geography: some reflections on the diary-photograph, diary-interview method,” Environment and Planning A 35 (2003): 1993-2017.

 

Additional resources

P. Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).

J. Butler, Gender Trouble (London and New York: Routledge, 1990).

J. Clifford, G. Marcus, Eds. Writing Culture; the poetics and politics of ethnography. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986).

D. Cosgrove, Ideas and culture: A response to Don Mitchell. Transactions 21 (1996): 574-575.

J. Duncan & N. Duncan, Reconceptualizing the idea of culture in Geography: A reply to Don Mitchell. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 21 (1996): 576-579.

M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).

S. Jackson, “Culture and performance: structures of dramatic feeling,” Chapter 3 in Professing Performance: Theatre in the Academy from Philology to Performativity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 79-108.

J. May, “A little taste of something exotic: the imaginative geographies of everyday life geography” Geography 81 (1996).

C. Nash, “Performativity in practice: some recent work in cultural geography” Progress in Human Geography 24 (2000).

G. Rose, “Performing space,” in Massey, Allen, & Sarre (eds.), Human Geography Today (1999).

E. Said, “Narrative and social space,” in Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage, 1993), pp. 62-80.

 

               

PLACE AND LANDSCAPE

2/18     Social Relations of Place (Jenn)

*J. Agnew, “” from Place and Politics: the geographical mediation of state and society (1987), pp. 25-107.

D. Harvey, “Militant particularism and global ambition:  the conceptual politics of place, space, and environment in the work of Raymond Williams,” Social Text 42 (1995): 69-98.

*D. Massey, “Power geometry and a progressive sense of place,” in J. Bird, B. Curtis, T. Putnam, G. Robertson and L. Tickner eds., Mapping the futures: local cultures, global change (London: Routledge, 1993), 59-69

A. Pred, “Place as historically contingent process: structuration and the time-geography of becoming places” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 74:2 (1986), pp. 279-297.

 

Additional resources

J. Agnew, "The devaluation of place in social science," in J. Agnew and J. Duncan eds., The Power of Place (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), 9-29.

N. Castree, “Differential geographies: place, indigenous rights and 'local' resources.” Political Geography 23 (2004): 133-167.

T. Cresswell, Place: A Short Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).

A. Dirlik, “Place-based imagination: globalism and the politics of place.” Review, A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economics, Historical Systems and Civilizations 22:2 (1999), pp. 151-187.

J. Duncan and D. Ley (eds.), Place/Culture/Representation (London and New York: Routledge, 1993).

A. Escobar, “Culture sits in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization.” Political Geography 20 (2001): 139-174.

D. Harvey, “Between space and time: reflections on the geographical imagination.” Annals 80:3 (1991): 418-434.

D. Massey, For Space (London: Sage, 2005).

D. Massey, Space, Place, and Gender (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994).

T. Oakes, “Place and the paradox of modernity,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 87:3 (1997), 509-531.

A. Pred, Place, Practice, and Structure; social and spatial transformation in southern Sweden: 1750-1850 (Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1986).

G. Rose, “The cultural politics of place: local representation and oppositional discourse in two films.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 19 (1994): 46-60.

M. Samuels, “To rescue place,” Progress in Human Geography 16:4 (1992), 597-604

 

2/25     Narratives of Place (Tyler)

P. Price, Dry Place: Landscapes of Belonging and Exclusion (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004).

 

Additional resources

B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983).

W. Cronon, “A place for stories: nature, history, and narrative.” Journal of American History 78:4 (1992), 1347-1376.

G. Deleuze & F. Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987).

M. Lewis and K. Wigen, The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).

L. Malkki, “National geographic: the rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identities among scholars and refugees.” Cultural Anthropology 7:1 (1992), 24-44.

E. Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage, 1978).

M. Taussig, Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study of Terror and Healing (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986).

 

3/4       Phenomenologies of Place (Alicja)

T. Thornton, Being and Place Among the Tlingit (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008).

 

Additional resources

G. Bachalard, The Poetics of Space, trans. by M. Jolas (Boston: Beacon, 1964), pp. 90-104.

K. Basso, Wisdom Sits in Places (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996).

A. Buttimer and D. Seamon (eds.), The Human Experience of Space and Place (London: Croom Helm, 1980).

E. Casey, Getting Back into Place: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place-World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993).

E. Casey, "How to get from space to place in a fairly short stretch of time: a philosophical prolegomena," in S. Feld and K. Basso (eds.), Senses of Place (Santa Fe: School of American Research, 1996): 13-52.

E. Casey, The Fate of Place: A Philosophical History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).

M. Heidegger, “Building, Dwelling, Thinking” from Poetry, Language, Thought, translated by Albert Hofstadter (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1971).

M. Jackson, At Home in the World (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995).

B. Lane, Landscapes of the Sacred: Geography and Narrative in Native American Spirituality (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002)

L. Lippard, The Lure of the Local: Sense of Place in a Multicentered Society (New York: The New Press, 1997).

J. Malpas, Place and Experience: A Philosophical Topography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

M. Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception (London and New York: Routledge, 1958).

C. Nash, “Irish placenames: post-colonial locations.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24:4 (1999), 457-80.

E. Relph, Place and Placelenssness (London: Pion, 1976).

S. Schama, Landscape and Memory (New York: Knopf, 1995).

Y-f. Tuan, Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience (Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 1977).

Y-f. Tuan, Morality and Imagination: Paradoxes of Progress (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989)

 

3/11     Landscape – Vernacular to Semiotic (Katie)

*J.B. Jackson, “The Word Itself,” in J.B. Jackson, Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 3-8.

*J.B. Jackson, “The mobile home on the range,” in A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), pp. 53-67.

*D. Cosgrove, selections from Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998), pp. xi-68.

*G. Rose, “Looking at landscape: the uneasy pleasures of power, in Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), 86-112.

 

Additional resources

J. Appleton, “The Problem,” in J. Appleton, The Experience of Landscape (New York: Wiley, 1975), pp. 1-23.

J. Barrell, The Dark Side of Landscape: The Rural Poor in English Painting, 1730-1840 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980).

J. Berger, Ways of Seeing (London: BBC & Penguin, 1972).

A. Birmingham, Landscape and Ideology: The English Rustic Tradition, 1740-1860 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986).

D. Cosgrove and S. Daniels (eds.). The Iconography of Landscape (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

J. Duncan, The City as Text: The Politics of Landscape Interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom (1990).

K. Foote, Shadowed Ground: America’s Landscapes of Violence and Tragedy (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997).

W.G. Hoskins, The Making of the English Landscape (London: Hoddard and Stoughton, 1955).

D. Lowenthal, “The American scene,” Geographical Review, 58:1 (1968): 61-88.

D. MacCannell, “The common landscape of John Brinckerhoff Jackson.” Design Book Review 40 (1999): 50-56.

D. W. Meinig, “The Beholding Eye: Ten Versions of the Same Scene,” in D.W. Meinig (ed) The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays (Oxford, 1979), pp. 33-48.

W.J.T. Mitchell, “Imperial Landscape,”  in W.J.T. Mitchell (ed) Landscape and Power (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 5-34.

R. Peet, “Review of The City as Text.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83:1 (1993), pp. 184-87.

P. Starrs, “Brinck Jackson in the realm of the everyday.” Geographical Review 88:4 (1998), 492-506.

C. Tilley, “The Social Construction of Landscape in Small-Scale Societies: Structures of Meaning, Structures of Power,” pp. 35-67 in C. Tilley, A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments (Oxford, U.K.: Berg, 1994).

C. Wilson and P. Groth (eds.), Everyday America: Cultural Landscape Studies after JB Jackson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).

 

3/18     Landscape – Substantive (Tim)

*D. Mitchell, “Introduction and Chapters 1, 7 and 8 from The Lie of the Land (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), pp. 1-35 and 156-197.

K. Olwig, “Recovering the substantive nature of landscape,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1996, 86(4): 630 – 653.

*A. Wilson, “Nature at Home” from The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), pp. 88-115.

 

Additional resources

K. Olwig, Landscape, Nature, and the Body Politic: From Britain’s Renaissance to America’s New World (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002).

R. Williams, The Country and the City (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973).

S. Zukin, Landscapes of Power: From Detroit to Disney World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).

 

 

THE CULTURAL ECONOMY

4/1       NO CLASS

 

4/8       Cultural Economy – Definitions and Approaches (Jeanne)

*A. Amin and N. Thrift, “Introduction,” in The Blackwell Cultural Economy Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004), pp. x-xxx.

*S. Cunningham, J. Banks, and J. Potts, “Cultural economy: the shape of the field,” in The Cultural Economy, eds. H. Anheier and Y. Raj Isar (London: Sage, 2008), pp. 15-26.

*D. Throsby, “Globalization and the cultural economy: a crisis in value?” in The Cultural Economy, eds., H. Anheier and Y. Raj Isar (London: Sage, 2008), pp. 29-41.

*A. Pratt, “Locating the cultural economy,” in The Cultural Economy, eds., H. Anheier and Y. Raj Isar (London: Sage, 2008), pp. 42-51.

P. Jackson, “Commercial cultures: transcending the cultural and the economic” Progress in Human Geography 26:1 (2002), 3-18.

 

Additional resources

P. du Gay (ed.), Production of Culture / Cultures of Production (London: Sage, 1997).

P. du Gay and M. Pryke (eds.), Cultural Economy: Cultural Analysis and Commercial Life (London: Sage, 2002).

M. Gertler, “The invention of regional culture” in R. Lee and J. Wills Geographies of Economies (1997), pp. 47-58

S. Hall, ”The centrality of culture: notes on the cultural revolutions of our time,” in K. Thompson (ed.) Media and Cultural Regulation (London: Sage, 1997).

S. Lash & J. Urry, Economies of Signs and Space (London: Sage, 1994).

R. Lee and J. Wills (eds.), Geographies of Economies (London: Arnold, 1997).

M.A. O'Donnell, “Attracting the world's attention: the cultural supplement in Shenzhen Municipality.” positions 14:1 (2006): 67-97.

A. Scott, The Cultural Economy of Cities: Essays on the Geography of Image-Producing Industries (London: Sage, 2000)

J. Wang, “Culture as leisure and culture as capital.” positions 9:1 (2001): 69-104.

S. Zukin, The Cultures of Cities (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995).

 

4/15     Cultural Economy – Globalization & Localization (Todd)

R. Foster, Coca-Globalization: Following Soft Drinks from New York to New Guinea (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).

 

4/22 – 4/29      Cultural Economy – Development & Tourism (Tim)

S. Gregory, The Devil Behind the Mirror: Globalization and Politics in the Dominican Republic (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).