Environments and Peoples: The Geography of Food

GEOG 4742

Monday, 2-4:30

PROFESSOR ELIZABETH DUNN

Office: Guggenheim 103B

Office Phone: 492-5388

Office Hours: Monday 9-11 and by appointment

Email:elizabeth.dunn@colorado.edu

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Audrey Richards, the great British anthropologist, once pointed out that the need to eat is the most basic and important of all human drives. We need food more frequently and more urgently than we need even sex. The central place of food in our lives has made food one of the major foci of human existence. How we grow, process, distribute, and consume our food often defines us as a society.

Human beings often organize societies around food production. By hiring or enslaving others to produce food, members of one social group exert power over other groups. Human beings from one culture are connected to people in far away places and vastly different cultures because they trade food with them: for example, Americans are connected to people all over the world through the export of Coca-Cola. People cement our social connections to one another by exchanging food, as Americans do at Thanksgiving dinner, or Polynesians do at a ritual pig roast. And food is one of the most deeply symbolic of all substances. The French or the Italians define their nationality partially through their cuisine, for example, so that to "be Italian" is to eat pasta. Lovers symbolize the sweetness of their affections by giving one another chocolate, and Christians symbolize their relationship to their Savior by consuming bread and wine.

In this course, we are going to study two broad elements of food. The first is the political economy of food. We will look at food as a commodity, study where it comes from, how it connects members of different societies and social groups as it travels along the commodity chain, and how it creates social and geopolitical inequalities. We will also study food as culture, including the symbolic meanings of different foods in various world cultures, the role of food in defining gender and ethnicity, and the role of food in religious practice.

LOGISTICS

Readings

The main texts for this course (Schlosser, Friedberg and Belasco) can be purchased at the University Book Store in the UMC.† All other readings will be on electronic reserve. This course has a very heavy reading load. If that is not acceptable to you, please drop this course.

Course Requirements

Short essays: During 12 of the 16 weeks of the semester, I will offer you a list of questions about the reading. For three of those weeks, you must turn in a 4-6 page essay (double spaced, one inch margins, 12 point type) in response to one of those questions. You must hand in one essay for each section of the course—you may not double up in any section. I expect essays to be well-structured—please use an outline to ensure you are making a logical argument rather than just rambling. I also expect papers to be free of grammar and spelling errors, so please use your spelling and grammar checkers or have someone proofread for you. In scoring your essays, the substance of your argument will count for half the grade, and your writing capabilities will count for the other half. If this policy is not acceptable to you, please drop the course now. Essays that are turned in 1-6 days late will be docked a full letter grade. No essay will be accepted more than 7 days after the date on which it is due.

Midterm Exam: There will be a midterm examination, which will be essay based. It will be based on---but not identical to—the questions you’re given to write on each week.

Final Exam: There will be an in-class final exam. It will be essay-based. You may wish to think about the questions that you do not write about, and perhaps outline an answer for them, as they are highly likely to turn up on the final.

Thoughtful, active participation in class. Participation is worth 10% of your grade. Merely attending class does not count as “participation”—you must come prepared and join in the discussion and you must do the activities in a thoughtful, involved manner. Activities will not be graded, but I will note whether or not you complete them in a satisfactory manner and apply this to your participation grade. I will also note your verbal participation. Please note how important your participation is to your grade!!

GRADING

Assignment                 Unit points                 Total points

Reading responses     3 at 10 points each     30

Midterm                     1 at 30 points             30

Final                         1 at 30 points             30

Participation             1 at 10 points             10

This course will be graded on a curve. If you do not understand what a bell curve is, or how curved grades are determined, please see me by January 30 for an explanation.

Course Policies

(1) Please arrive on time. When we’re all in the classroom on time, we all stay on the same page and the flow of class discussion is vastly improved. Coming late disrupts other students, breaks the flow of discussion, and disturbs me. For that reason, I will lower your participation grade if you are habitually late.

(2)Please hand assignments in on time. All work is due at the beginning of class. Work that is handed in within six days of the assignment’s due date will be docked one letter grade. Work more than 7 days late will not be accepted.

(3) Please treat one another respectfully. In this class, we will often deal with controversial issues and have spirited debates and discussions. Two people in the class may have positions which are precisely opposite from one another, and each may be equally passionately held. It is okay—and even encouraged—for you to disagree with each other and with me, as long as it is done respectfully.

(5)Always write in your own words. Do not plagiarize---EVER! Plagiarism is an endemic problem in the academy, but it cheats the student and it cheats the people students plagiarize from. If I discover you have plagiarized, you will be reported to the dean as a plagiarist. The university’s statement on plagiarism is as follows:

Plagiarism is defined as the use of another's ideas or words without acknowledgment. Examples of plagiarism include: failing to use quotation marks when quoting from a source; failing to document distinctive ideas from a source; fabricating or inventing sources; and copying information from computer-based sources.

Violations of the ban on plagiarism include plagiarizing from other students. Do not, under any circumstances, copy papers written by another student. If you copy someone else’s work, or allow someone to copy yours, you will receive an automatic F and be reported to the dean.

If you have any questions about how to properly cite an author’s work, check out the Chicago Manual of Style or the American Anthropological Association’s style guide, which is available online at: http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm

(5) Honesty: I expect you to adhere to the CU honor code. Any violations will be reported to the Honor Board and you will be dismissed from this course. If you have any questions about the Honor Code, please look at the following website: http://www.colorado.edu/academics/honorcode/

(6) Attendance and Readings: Attendance in this course is required. There are no excused absences---you're either here, or you're not. If you must miss class, please check with a classmate to get the handouts and assignments you’ve missed. Unfortunately, I can’t send you notes or handouts via email.

(7) Religious Observances: I will accommodate anyone who must miss class due to a religious observance. Please contact me in writing by January 30 to inform me of which courses you will miss, and I will arrange a makeup.

(8) Disabilities :If you qualify for accommodations because of a disability please submit to me a letter from Disability Services by January 30 so that your needs may be addressed. Disability Services determines accommodations based on documented disabilities (303-492-8671, Willard 322, www.colorado.edu/disabilityservices).

(9) Final Exam Scheduling: If you have three or more exams scheduled for the same day, you may reschedule one of them. If you would like to reschedule the exam for this course, please contact me by January 30 to make prior arrangements.

(10)Communication: I believe that the most important learning you will do will happen outside this classroom. For that reason, I want to make it easier for us to communicate with one another outside classroom hours. I will endeavor to return all emails within 48 hours, but please be advised that I reserve my weekends for my family and don’t check email.

You should also know how to get in touch with at least two of your classmates to get notes, check facts, and discuss issues. Please write down the names, telephone numbers, and email addresses of two of your classmates here:

Classmate1:______________________________________________________________

 

Classmate 2:_____________________________________________________________

SYLLABUS

The books by Schlosser, Friedberg and Belasco are available at the bookstore. Articles with the notation (B) after them are in the Belasco reader. All other articles are available on electronic reserve at Norlin Library.

 

PART ONE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOOD

Note: You must do ONE writing exercise between January 14 and February 11.

January 14: Introduction

Film: Modern Meat
Assignment: Food Diaries

January 21: NO CLASS: MARTIN LUTHER KING DAY

January 28: Food Safety and Quality

Reading: Schlosser, Fast Food Nation

February 4: The Political Economy of Food

Reading:  Mintz, "Food and Its Relationships to Concepts of Power"
Reading:  Friedmann, “The International Political Economy of Food: A Crisis” (B, also on e-reserve)
Reading:  Harper and LeBeau, “Food and America in the World, 1945-2002”

February 11: Globalizing Agribusiness and Commodity Chains

Reading:  Heffernan and Constance, "Transnational Corporations"
Reading:  Friedland, "The New Globalization: The Case of Fresh Produce."
Reading:  Bestor, “Supply Side Sushi”

PART TWO: THE WORLD SYSTEM

Note: You must do ONE writing exercise between February 18 and March 3.

February 18: Grades and Standards in the World Economy

Reading:  Busch, "The Moral Economy of Grades and Standards"
Reading:  Dunn, “Trojan Pig”
Reading:  Goldman, "The World According to Fruit"

February 25: Agriculture in the World System

Reading: Friedberg, French Beans and Food Scares, Chapters TBA

March 3: Organics: The Quest for "Pure" Food

Reading:  Pollan, "Naturally"
Reading:  Buck, et. al., "From Farm to Table”
Reading:  Guthman, "Fast Food/Organic Food"
Reading:  Wurgaft, "East of Eden"

March 10: MIDTERM EXAM

 

PART THREE: CULTURES AND CUISINES

Note: You must do ONE writing exercise between March 17 and April 28

March 17: Eating Identity I

Reading:  Wilk, “Food and Nationalism: The Origins of ‘Belizean Food’” (B)
Reading:  Mintz, "Eating American"
Reading:  Clark, “The Raw and the Rotten”

March 24: NO CLASSES: SPRING BREAK

March 31: Eating Identity II

Reading:  Guy, “Rituals of Pleasure in the Land of Treasures” (B)
Reading:  Gabbaccia, “As American as Budweiser and Pickles?” (B)
Reading:  Penfold, “Eddie Shack was No Tim Horton” (B)

April 7: Feeding Children: Gender and Food

Reading:  Bentley, “Inventing Baby Food” (B)
Reading:  Allison, “Japanese Mothers and Obentos”
Reading:  Wright, et. al., “Cultural Interpretations and Intracultural Variability in Navajo Beliefs about Breastfeeding”

April 14: Overnourishment I

Reading:  Fountain, "Living Large"
Reading:  Nestle and Jacobson, "Halting the Obesity Epidemic"
Reading:  Jacobson and Brownell, "Small Taxes on Soft Drinks…."
Reading:  Ives, "Food Companies Urged…."
Reading:  Sobo, "The Sweetness of Fat"
 
April 21: Undernourishment: Fasting and Anorexia
Reading:  Brumberg, "The Appetite as Voice
Reading:  Bordo, "Anorexia Nervosa"
Reading:  Bynum, "Fast, Feast and Flesh"

April 28: Undernourishment: Famine

Reading:  Sen, “Famines and Other Crises”
Reading:  Sen, “Food and Freedom”

FINAL EXAM: MAY 3, 1:30 pm.