Midterm Exam #2
World Regional Geography (Gaile)
GEOG 1982 Midterm #2
Review Sheet
Outline:
The United States
Early (before 1820s)
Export crops
Import goods
Shipping
Early Industrial Revolution
Capital & energy
Water, mills
New relations w/labor
Full Industrial Revolution (end of 19th cent)
Increase manufacturing
Innovations
Mobile capital
Nat’l banking system
Transportation
Communication
Energy sources
What happened geographically?
Economy concentrated more
City identity
Concentration of entrepreneurs
Where were captains of industry?
Post 1920s
Manufacturing economy
Urbanism increasing
Dying family farms
Large corporations
Gov’t
deals
Assembly lines
WWII – role of corporations
Post WWII
Huge corporations
US hegemond
Europe
1950s – Benchmark
Mass production
500 major corporations
budget>European
countries
heart
& soul of economy
Unequal distribution
Unions
1960s
Changes in union
Right-to-work laws
US goes international
Russia
WB/IMF/GATT
US hegemond erodes
What to do??
Protectionism
Wage cuts
Financial Dexterity
How
the changes occurred
How did corporations get so big? (at least 4 ways)
Local gov’t
responsibilities
Today – switch to human capital
Rule of
two
Development
Definition
Problem with terms
Third world
“Developing” countries (LDCS)
Evolution of the concept
1960s – economic
1970s – add social
1980s – add political
1990s – add
environment
Location of developing countries
Why they are less developed (3 reasons)
Development Theory
Dependency
Post dependency
Modernization
Neoliberal
Development Solutions
How to close the gap
Ideological positions
Radical
Conservative (neoliberal)
Liberal
Economic Characteristics of LDCS
Social Characteristics of LDCS
Political Characteristics of LDCS
Environmental Characteristics of LDCS
Key Terms:
For key terms and
concepts discussed in the textbook, review the Summaries and Conclusions from
chapters 5, 6, and 7.
The National Bargain
Economic development of
US (stages, dominant types of production, important technological developments)
Protectionism
National champions
(corporations)
Economic nationalism
Corporate statesmen
Post-war boom (US)
Rustbelt – Sunbelt
migration
Processes of diffusion of
ownership and control of TNCs
Transition in US
production (high-volume to high-value)
Vestigial thought
Symbolic analyst
Causes of inequality in
US
Gender gap
Secession of the rich
Post-industrial era
Human capital
Social capital
Agricultural hinterland
Fall line
World Bank
International Monetary
Fund (IMF)
Development
Conditionality
Structural Adjustment
Policies (SAPs)
Sustainable development
Microfinance
G8
World Trade Organization
(WTO) / General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs)
Dependency theory
Free trade
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA)
Uneven development
Colonialism
Neocolonialism
Internal migration