1. An interplanetary probe has discovered a new planet you name Buff. The probe records a surface temperature of 15 °C and an emissivity of 0.97. How much energy is planet Buff emitting?

2. As the interplanetary probe continues its voyage across the unknown Universe, it discovers another new planet, planet Boulder. A stray meteor, however, strikes the probe rendering its surface temperature sensor useless. Its long wave sensor still works, and measures an energy output of 1000 Wm^-2 with an emissivity of 0.91. Do you recommend a human expedition to plant Boulder? (i.e. What’s Boulder’s surface temperature?)

3. Disappointed, you send the probe travelling further until it detects yet another planet, planet Rocky. The probe's spectrometer measures energy emissions with a maximum wavelength of 16 mm. How does sending someone down to the surface sound? (i.e. What’s Rocky’s surface temperature?)

4. Planet Rocky's sun has a solar constant of 1000 W m^-2 (at the top of the atmosphere). How much solar radiation, at the top of the atmosphere, would be received at the following latitudes: 0, 30° N, 60° N, 90° N, 30° S, 60° S, 90° S? (Rocky’s axis is not tilted)

5. Back on Earth, you measure 200 Wm^-2 of short-wave radiation reflected from a surface with an albedo of 18%. What is the incident solar radiation?

6. At night over an aspen forest, you measure -70 Wm^-2 net radiation, and 325 Wm^-2 long-wave radiation emitted from the atmosphere. The emissivity is 0.97. What is the surface temperature of the forest?