 
Acoustical Technology Developed at CU-Boulder Helps Make Clean Water
The membranes have pores so small they can let water molecules pass through while excluding unwanted molecules and particulates such as salts, viruses, and bacteria, says chemical engineering Professor William Krantz. The technique involves bouncing acoustic waves from the surface of a porous membrane. "The technology allows engineers to determine whether fouling deposits exist on the surface of membranes," says Krantz, who co-directs the Center for Membrane Applied Science and Technology, headquartered in the chemical engineering department. "These fouling deposits must be detected and removed to enable the efficient performance of membranes." Applying acoustical technology to membranes is far more challenging than using it in medical ultrasound analyses, according to Krantz. "A doctor might use ultrasound to scan for a walnut-sized organ in your body such as your gall bladder. In this application we need to detect fouling deposits that might have a thickness of only one-tenth the diameter of a human hair." "We need to tackle membrane fouling because it is a critical problem in liquid separations using membranes in cases like the production of drinking water from seawater," says mechanical engineering Professor Alan Greenberg, who is directing the research in collaboration with Krantz. "We wanted a technique that was non-invasive and non-destructive that we could use in real-time." The advantage of the acoustical technique is that it is relatively simple and inexpensive, says Greenberg. The team uses an electrical transducer to send high-frequency pulses to the surface of the membrane that bounce back and reveal areas of fouling. By using the technique to determine if fouling deposits are present, it is possible to minimize the chemicals needed and the time required to clean clogged membranes. Greenberg and Krantz, along with co-investigators Guo-Yong Chai and Leonard Bond, have filed a patent on the process. They are working with Jay Dusenbury of the U.S. Army"s Tank and Automotive Research Center"s Petroleum and Water Division in Warren, Mich., to test the acoustical technology. The U.S. military requires large amounts of purified water in land operations in arid regions such as the Mideast, as evidenced by the 1991 Desert Storm conflict. Mobile membrane units towed by tanks or humvees can process up to 100,000 gallons of drinking water per day. "We are excited about the potential of this technology," says Dusenbury. "From what we have seen so far, it could be of great value in the field when we need to fill these units from rivers, lakes, wells, or even the ocean."  Engineering Home |
A new CU-Boulder technology that uses an acoustical device similar to a medical ultrasound probe is providing a promising new technique to inspect the fouling of thin membranes used to purify drinking water.