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Lorrie A. Shepard,
PhD
Research Articles - Grade Retention
Key reference:
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Heubert, J. P., & Hauser, R. M. Eds. (1999). "High
stakes: Testing for tracking, promotion, and graduation." Washington,
DC: National Academy Press.
Chapter 6 on Promotion and Retention may be downloaded
from: www.nap.edu
[books.nap.edu/books/0309062802/html/114.html
‡ Chapter 6 only]
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Articles by Shepard and Smith:
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Shepard, L.A. (1994). "Grade repeating." In
T. Husen & T N Postlethwaite (Eds.),
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The International Encyclopedia of Education
(2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
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Shepard, L.A. & Smith, M.L. (1987). "Effects
of kindergarten retention at the end
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of first grade." Psychology in
the Schools, 24, 346-357.
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Shepard, L.A., & Smith, M.L. (Eds.). (1989). Flunking Grades: Research and
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Policies on Retention. London: The
Falmer Press. (PDF)
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Shepard, L.A. & Smith, M.L. (1990). "Synthesis
of research on grade retention."
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Educational Leadership, 47, 84-88.
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Shepard, L.A., Smith, M.L., & Marion, S.F. (1996).
"Failed evidence on grade
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retention." Psychology in the Schools,
33, 251-261.
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Shepard, L.A., Smith, M.L., & Marion, S.F. (1998).
"On the Success of Failure: A
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rejoinder to Alexander." Psychology
in the Schools, 35, 404-406.
[www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issuetoc?ID=10049909
‡ journal]
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Smith, M.L. & Shepard, L.A. (1987). "What doesn't work: Explaining policies of
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retention in early grades." Phi
Delta Kappan, 68, 129-134. (PDF)
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