EALC 1021
East Asian Civilizations: Modern Period

In this course we will introduce you to the main features of the civilizations of China (first half of the course) and Japan (second half), with special focus on the modern periods. For China we will begin in 1600, in the late Ming Dynasty; for Japan we will begin with the Tokugawa period in 1600. In our discussions of both China and Japan, we will rely on a chronological framework, and the course will be grounded in the basic data of political forms and changes. However, we will not be confined to a history of dynastic changes; both cultures will be treated through their literatures, religions, and intellectual trends. Through readings in literary and philosophical texts we will discuss cultural issues and larger, more universal themes. The visual and graphic arts and contemporary films and documentaries will be used to illustrate contemporary culture. Guest presentations to demonstrate a variety of arts have also been arranged. This syllabus is located at www.colorado.edu/ealc/Syllabi/ealc1021.html.

ASSIGNMENTS
The Readings listed in the syllabus should be read before the class indicated in syllabus. Each week you will be provided with a list of topics that will provide a focus for class discussion in the recitation sections. The topics will address questions that arise from readings and lectures. You should be prepared to discuss all the questions during the recitation meeting. Class participation will be graded. The discussion topics are intended to help you prepare for the tests and to understand the readings and lectures. If you prepare for the recitation sections well, you are giving yourself a head start on the tests.

In addition, for six of the weeks, as noted on the schedule below, you should select one of these questions and type out a one-page, double-spaced response to be handed in at the beginning of the recitation section. None will be accepted after that. If you email a paper to your instructor and he/she cannot open it, it cannot be graded nor will you receive credit. Grading criteria for these papers include: correct grammar and spelling, attention to detail, use of thesis and topic sentences, use of supporting evidence, quality of composition and accuracy.

TESTS AND FINAL EXAM
There will be four tests throughout the course, two on China and two on Japan, given during the lecture sessions. The lowest grade of the four tests may be dropped, but there will be absolutely no make-ups or retakes.

GRADING
Finals 20% each Chinese and Japanese (40%) (= course midterm and final); quizzes 30%; essays on discussion topics 20%; recitation section participation 10%.

POLICY ON ABSENCES
You may miss one recitation section throughout the semester. If you miss more than one section your grade for recitation participation will be lowered by 3% for each additional section you miss.

We encourage students with disabilities who may need academic accommodations to discuss options with the instructors during the first week of classes.

WAYS TO SUCCEED IN THIS CLASS

  • Read the assignments before the lecture – if you are playing catch-up during lecture you are sabotaging yourself.
  • Take notes on the lecture. Remember, these notes are what you will use to study for the tests.
  • Take notes on the readings. Check with the professors or the teaching assistants to see if your notes are clear and thorough.
  • For the recitation sections, outline your answers to all the questions before the class.
  • For your essays, get suggestions from the University’s Program for Writing and Rhetoric, 303-492-8188.

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TEXTS

FOR CHINA
1) Patricia Ebrey, The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (Cambridge/New York: Cambridge UP, 1996)

2) Course Reader for Modern China (available at the bookstore, on Norlin online reserve, and as PDF files as shown below)

Week 1

·       “Zhao Baosheng Meets Emperor Renzong in a Teahouse,” by Feng Menglong, from his Stories Old and New (Course Reader #1).

·       “The Donor of Riches and Honours,” by Chu Yu (Course Reader #2).

Week 2

·       Monkey, Wu Chengen, trans. Arthur Waley (New York: Grove Press, 1958) (Course Reader #4).

Week 3

·       Three Readings on Daoism: a) “The Precepts of the Perfect Truth Taoist (Daoist) Sect,” b) “A Biography of the Old Drunkard” and four poems by Yuan Hongdao, c) Eccentric painters of the Ming-Qing transition: Kung Hsien (Gong Xian), Chu Ta (Zhu Da), and Shih-t’ao (Shitao), by James Cahill (Course Reader #3).

Week 4

·       Four stories by Pu Songling, from his Strange Tales of Liaozhai or The Strange Tales of At-My-Ease Studio: “The Painted Skin,” “The Gallant Girl,” “The Land of the Savages, “ “A Girl in Green” (Course Reader #5).

·       “The Story of Hsiao-erh,” also by Pu Songling (Course Reader #6).

Week 5

·       “The Manchu Abdication Edict,” by the Empress Dowager Longyu (Course Reader #7).

·       Mao Dun, “Spring Silkworms,” Spring Silkworms and Other Stories, trans. Sidney Shapiro (New York: AMS Press, 1979) (Course Reader #8).

Week 6

·       “Capitalists, Warlords and Thieves,” Stella Dong, Shanghai, 1842-1949., The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City (New York: William Morrow, 2000) (Course Reader #9).

Week 8

·       Maxine Hong Kingston, “No-name Woman,” from The Woman Warrior. Memoirs of a Girldhood Among Ghosts (South Yarmouth, MA: J. Curley, 1978) (Course Reader #10).

 

 

FOR JAPAN

1) Kenneth B. Pyle, The Making of Modern Japan, second edition. D.C. Heath & Co., 1996.

 

2) Course Reader for Modern Japan (available at the bookstore)

Week 9

·       The Seventeen Article Constitution of Prince Shōtoku.

·       Kojiki Excerpts (Creation Myth of Japan).

·       Kokinshū Excerpts (Selection of Love Poems).

Week 10
Hagakure Excerpts

·       Yamamoto Tsunetomo (William Scott Wilson, trans.), Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai (Kodansha International).

·       Matsuo Bashō, “The Narrow Road to the Deep North,” in The Narrow Road to the Deep North (Penguin, 1966), pp. 97-115. 10/29  Two stories by Ihara Saikaku: A love story and a merchant story

·       “The Story of Seijiro in Himeji,” trans. Wm. Theodore de Bary,  in Five Women Who Loved Love, (Rutland:  Charles E. Tuttle, 1956), Book 1, chapter 1 & 2, pp. 41-55.

·       “The Eternal Storehouse of Japan,” in Donald Keene, ed., Anthology of Japanese Literature (New York:  Grove Press, 1955), pp.  357-362. 10/31

·       Chikamatsu Monzaemon,  “Love Suicide at Sonezaki,” in Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu, trans. Donald Keene (New York: Columbia UP, 1961), pp. 39-56.

Week 12

·       “The Beef Eaters,” “The Western Peep Show,” in Donald Keene, ed., Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology (New York:  Grove Press, 1989), pp. 31-36.

·       Higuchi Ichiyō, “The Thirteen Night,” in Robert Danly, In the Shade of Spring Leaves (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), pp. 241-53.

·       Natsume Sōseki, “Ten Nights of Dream,” in Ten Nights of Dream, trans. Aiko Itō and Graeme Wilson (Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle, 1974), pp. 27-34; 48-52; 56-59.

·       Mori Ogai, “Under Construction,” pp. 35-44 in Ivan Morris, ed., Modern Japanese Stories: An Anthology (Rutland:  Charles E. Tuttle, 1966).

Week 13

·       Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, “In Praise of Shadow,” in Tanizaki Junichiro, In Praise of Shadows (Leetes Island Books), pp. 1-26.

Week 14

·       “Life in Wartime Japan” in David Lu, ed., Japan: A Documentary History (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1997), pp. 445-453.

·       Hirabayashi Taeko, “Three Blind Soldiers,” in Lippit and Selden, trans., Japanese Women Writers (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1991), pp. 41-45.

Week 15

·       Keiji Nakazawa, “Barefoot Gen:  The Day After (Hadashi no Gen),” selections from A Cartoon Story of Hiroshima (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1988).

·       Japan Under Occupation,” in David Lu, ed., Japan: A Documentary History (New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1997). pp. 466-469, 490, 499-500.

·       Kojima Nobuo, “American School,” in Howard Hibbett ed., Contemporary Japanese Literature: An Anthology of Fiction, Film, and Other Writing Since 1945 (New York:  Random House, 1977), pp. 120-144.

·       Readings from Tenrikyō” in Ian Reader et al., eds., Japanese Religions: Past and Present (Honolulu: U of Hawaii Press, 1993), pp. 128-139.

·       John Lie, “Contemporary Discourse of Japaneseness,” in Multi-ethnic Japan (Cambridge, MA:  Harvard University Press, 2001), pp. 27-52.

Week 16

·       Takeshi Moriya, “The Lesson Culture,” trans. by Miriam Eguchi, in Atsushi Ueda, ed., The Electric Geisha: Exploring Japan’s Popular Culture (New York: Kodansha International, 1994), pp. 43-50.

·       Jim Frederick, “What’s Right with JapanTime Asia website, August, 2003.


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SCHEDULE: CHINESE CIVILIZATION

Week 1—Introduction and Background
Introduction to the course. Overview of the chronology of China.

 

Modern China: Language, Writing System, Romanization, Names. Introduction to the Ming Dynasty

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 190-201: Ming Taizu and Despotism, Management Problems, The Southwestern Frontier, Literati Life and the story “Zhao Baosheng meets Emperor Renzong in a Teahouse” in the Course Reader (selection #1) which you buy in the bookstore

 

Literati Life and Politics

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 42-47, including the citations from the Analects (ON CONFUCIUS) and “The Donor of Riches and Honours” in the Course Reader (Course Reader #2)

Recitation: No written essay due this week. For first section meeting you do not have an essay to turn in.

Discussion topics:

A) What are some of the assumptions that you have about China in terms of its politics, national identity, the arts, and values? Discuss for both pre-Modern and Modern China.

B) What influences has China had outside of China?

C) What are the main features of a monarchical form of government—East or West--and who are the elites in such a government? In other words, who has power and how do they acquire it? What are the obvious symbols of power in the society you are discussing?


Week 2Cities and Urban Culture in China
Trade, Industry, and Southern Power

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 203-19: Popular Culture, Philosophical Currents, Local Society, Relations with the Outer World, Factionalism and Political Protest

 

Theater, Novels and New Sources of Political Power

Wu Cheng’en, Monkey (Course Reader #4) (The selections in the Reader are not in order. You will read Course Reader #3 “Three Readings on Daoism” next week. )

 

Recitation: No written essay due this week

Discussion topics:

A) In the story “Zhao Baosheng meets Emperor Renzong in a Teahouse,” what are the chief means of achieving political success? How is Imperial power portrayed in the story?

B) How are education and the acquisition of knowledge portrayed in “The Emperor meets Zhao Baosheng in the Teahouse”?

C) What constitutes heroism in “The Donor of Riches and Honours”?


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Week 3—Taoism
Taoism, the Individual and Creativity

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 46-49: on early Daoism

Three Readings on Daoism: a) “The Precepts of the Perfect Truth Taoist (Daoist) Sect,” b) “A Biography of the Old Drunkard” and four poems by Yuan Hongdao, c) Eccentric Painters of the Qing-Ming transition (Course Reader #3)

 

THE FALL OF THE MING AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE QING (MANCHU) DYNASTY
Steppe People and the Silk Route, Imperial Authority and Expansion

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 220-234: Manchus and Imperialism: Manchu Rule, Territorial Expansion, Culture and Society

 

Test #1

 

Recitation: No written essay due this week

Discussion topics:

A) What sort of “hero” or protagonist is Monkey? Compare him to Western fictional characters. Why are these sorts of characters typically found in popular media and popular literary genres, and what attitudes do they often have toward orthodox forms of power?

B) Imagine that you are a brilliant artist – man or woman – and you have joined an anti-Manchu secret society. The government is after you. Describe your life as an artist and refugee. Where are you living? What do you do all day? Whom do you meet with? etc. or Discuss the role of Daoism as a source for escapism, eccentricity, and artistic creativity.

C) Summarize the major international concerns of the Ming. With whom did they trade and with whom did they go to war? Before you start this question, define what you mean by “international.”


Week 4—The Qing Dynasty
Literature and Culture in the Qing

Three stories by Pu Songling (Course Reader #5)

 

Foreign Relations and the Opium Wars

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 234-252: Maritime Trade and Relations with European Nations, Opium and the Opium War, Internal Adversaries, Self Strengthening, Population Growth, The Chinese Diaspora

 

Tensions in the Qing: Daoism and Millenarian Rebellion and Secret Societies

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 252-258: The Boxer Rebellion, and “The Story of Hsiao-erh,” by Pu Songling (Course Reader #6)

 

Recitation: Written essay #1 due this week

Discussion topics:

A) What are the attitudes toward the non-Chinese and the foreign that Pu Songling expresses in “The Land of the Savages”?

B) What are the characteristics of the feminine and the masculine in Pu Songling’s stories?

C) Outline the major events in Qing Dynasty relations with both maritime nations – especially nations of the Pacific Rim – as well as with nations along China’s land borders. or Imagine that you are a Han Chinese businessman in the Yangzi Delta. Write a petition to the Emperor protesting his emphasis on relations with Western nations along the Silk Route and urging him to pay increased attention to the needs of relations with maritime nations. Be specific. Don’t forget Qing Dynasty relations with Japan.

D) Discuss the main differences between the Han people and the Manchu. To what extent was the Qing dynasty Chinese, and to what extent Manchu, and to what extent is the Qing government an occupation government?


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Week 5—The Dawn of the Twentieth Century
THE 1911 REVOLUTION: THE FALL OF THE QING (MANCHU) DYNASTY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 262-73: Undermining the Qing Dynasty, Dislodging Authority, Lu Xun, and “The Manchu Abdication Edict” (#7), and the first section of Mao Dun, “Spring Silkworms” (Course Reader #8)

 

Popular Literature and Popular Arts in China

Finish Mao Dun, “Spring Silkworms” (Course Reader #8)

 

Shanghai Modern: The Role of the Yangzi River Macroeconomic Region in the Development of Chinese Material and Artistic Culture

“Capitalists, Warlords and Thieves,” Shanghai, 1842-1949: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City (Course Reader #9)

 

Recitation: Written essay #2 due this week
Discussion topics:

A) How did millenarian rebellions threaten the stability of the state in the late Qing Dynasty? What groups of people gained power from these movements?

B) Make a giant list of all the sources of disruption faced by the Qing government at all levels of society in the decades before the 1911 revolution and the establishment of the Republic.

C) What role did intellectuals and artists have in the early Nationalist (or Republican) Period; in particular, what was Lu Xun's role? What was the May Fourth Movement and why is it significant?


Week 6—The Twentieth Century
The Communist Struggle and War with Japan, the Establishment of the People's Republic of China and the New China

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 273-93

 

Test #2

 

 Break – no assignment

 

Recitation: No written essay due this week

Discussion topics:

A) What are the concerns of the writers of the May Fourth movement and how are these concerns reflected in “Spring Silkworms” by Mao Dun?

B) Summarize the history of international relations between China and Japan in the 19th and 20th centuries.

C) How did opium become one of China’s most lucrative local products, and how did its growth affect the economy of China, especially in the Yangzi River macroeconomic region? What was the role of the gangs and triads in this region, both economically and politically?


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Week 7—Contemporary China; Politics and Arts
NOTE: Please watch the film Raise the Red Lanterns by Friday. ALTEC has a copy, and you may also find it at the Video Station.

 

The Communist Unification of China: 1949-1976 – The Mao Years

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 294-321

 

The Post-Mao Years

Cambridge Illustrated History of China, pp. 321-332
Optional: Watch the film Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon

 

Film in China: Historical and Contemporary Filmmakers

Watch Raise the Red Lanterns – to be discussed in class

 

Recitation: Written essay #3 due this week

Discussion topics:

A) From 1949 to 1976 Mao attempted to establish a communist utopia. What means did he use and how successful was he in differing periods?

B) Imagine that you are the son or daughter of a small businessman or a college professor during the Cultural Revolution. What would have happened to you?

C) What were the failings of the Nationalist government during the early twentieth century, and how did the Communists succeed in 1949 in establishing the People’s Republic of China?


Week 8—Literature of the Present
Scar Literature of China and the Literature of the Diaspora

Maxine Hong Kingston, “No-name Woman,” The Woman Warrior (Course Reader #10)

 

Review day

 

Final exam (course midterm) for the Chinese Civilization portion of the course

 

Recitation discussion topics:

A) What are the “counterrevolutionary” elements in Chinese society under Mao that the government silenced or suppressed, and what were the means used to suppress these elements? What happens to these elements and their values after Mao dies?

B) How do you explain China’s readiness to be competitive internationally in both the realm of world markets and the realm of film?

C) In Raise the Red Lanterns, how does Zhang Yimou use the image of the lanterns to reinforce the characterization of the third and fourth wives? What is the most vivid scene in the movie and how does it relate to the overall themes of the movie? or Write the opening scene for a film script set in the period of Shanghai Modern. List the main characters and describe the setting. If you can, make a video of the scene.


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SCHEDULE: JAPANESE CIVILIZATION

Week 9—Introduction: Early Modern Japanese History
Introduction and course overview

 

Introduction to Early Japanese History—Ancient Period

Myth, History, and waka Poetry (Course Reader)

 

Introduction to Early Japanese History—Medieval Period

Pyle, chapter 1, pp. 1-10

 

Recitation: Introduction to Japan


Week 10—Culture of Edo I: Traditional Literature
Haiku and High Culture

Hagakure Excerpts (Course Reader)

Matsuo Bashō, “The Narrow Road to the Deep North” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 2, p. 11-28

 

Tokugawa Town Life—Class and Culture in Early Modern Japan

Two stories by Ihara Saikaku (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 3, p. 29-40

 

Edo Drama: Kabuki and Bunraku (puppet theater)

Chikamatsu Monzaemon: “Love Suicide at Sonezaki” (Course Reader)

 

Recitation: Edo culture high and low

Written essay #4 due this week


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Week 11—Culture of Edo II: For Eyes and Ears
Traditional Japanese Music

Guest Lecture by Mathew Johnson on Edo-period performance tradition

 

Ukiyo: Pleasure Quarters and Woodblock Prints

Pyle, chapter 4, p. 41-56

 

Test #3

 

Recitation: Review for Test #3


Week 12—Arrival of the Modern Era
Meiji Restoration and the Building of a Modern State

Pyle, chapter 5, p. 57-76

“Beef Eater” “Peep Show” (Course Reader)

 

Westernization vs. Traditionalism

Pyle, chapter 6, p. 77-96

Higuchi Ichiyō, “The Thirteen Night” (Course Reader)

 

Encounter with the West

Pyle, chapter 7, p. 97-114

Natsume Sōseki, excerpt from “The Ten Night’s Dream” (Course Reader)

Mori Ogai, “Under Construction” (Course Reader)

 

Recitation: Review test

Written essay #5 due this week


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Week 13—The Fruit of Modernity
Imperial Expansionism

Pyle, chapter 8-9, p.115-158

 

Cultural Nationalism and the Drums of War

Pyle, chapter 10, pp. 159-180

Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, “In Praise of Shadow” (Course Reader)

 

Test #4

 

Recitation: Review for Test #4


Week 14—The Second World War and its Aftermath
Wartime Japan

“Life in Wartime Japan” (Course Reader)

Hirabayashi Taeko, “Three Blind Soldiers” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 11, pp. 181-206

 

The End of the War: Movie


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Week 15—Contemporary Japan I
Aftermath of the War: Occupation

“Barefoot Gen” (Course Reader)

“Japan Under Occupation” (Course Reader)

Kojima Nobuo, “American School” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 12, pp. 207-226

 

The Rebirth of Japanese Faith

Guest Lecture,by Professor Terry Kleeman, on New Religions in Japan

Readings from Tenrikyō” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 13, p. 227-240

 

Ethnic Minorities and the Internal Others: Okinawans, Buraku, Zainichi and Atomic Bomb Victims

John Lie, “Contemporary Discourse of Japaneseness” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 14, pp. 241-254

 

Recitation: Contemporary Japan

Written essay #6 due this week


Week 16—Contemporary Japan II
Educational System and Japaneseness

Takeshi Moriya, “Lesson Culture” (Course Reader)

Pyle, chapter 15-16, pp. 255-284

 

Popular Culture: Manga and Anime

Guest Lecture by Professor Stephen Snyder on Japanese Anime
Jim Frederick, “What’s Right with Japan” (Course Reader)

 

Final exam for the Japanese Civilization portion of the course.


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