Defining T2

• Transition: Movement along a value chain within an organization. This is the evolution of a technology into a product within a company or the evolution of a technology into, say, a defense system within the Department of Defense.
  
  
• Internal Transfer: In industry, movement to direct use in-house, including delivery of internally developed systems or equipment to manufacturing, technical services within a company, and acquired products that are customized before being put to use in the company. In government, movement to direct use within the agency or department of government.
  
  
• External Transfer: Movement into or out of other organizations, including acquisition of technologies out to others, and alliances at many levels, including cooperative development and industry consortia. This is the typical concept of technology transfer.
  
  
• Division-to-division transfer: In industry, movement of technology into distinctly separate parts of the company. In government, movement into other agencies or departments. This has many of the aspects of external transfer.
  
  
• Mergers and acquisitions: Purchase of both technologies and technical capacities by acquiring whole companies or businesses.
  
  
• Dissemination: Movement of technology directly to technical communities. In-house reports deliver technology within the company, university, or government lab. Technical papers and presentations deliver technology directly into the public domain.
  
  
• Marketing: Movement of technology directly to customers. R&D occasionally deals directly with external customers and delivers lab products to them. Occasionally, R&D markets technologies as if they were commercial products to attract licensees and development partners.

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