University Catalog

LAWS 6021 (3). Secured Transactions.
Explores the methodology and policies of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, dealing with financing transactions in personal property.

LAWS 6201 (3-4). Agency, Partnership, and the LLC.
Surveys agency law whose principles are important in many other areas of law. Studies the legal organizations commonly used by small businesses: partnerships and limited liability companies (LLCs).

LAWS 6211 (3). Corporations.
Covers formation of corporations and their management; relations among shareholders, officers, and directors; the impact of federal legislation on directors' duties; and the special problems of closed corporations.

LAWS 6301 (3). Introduction to Intellectual Property.
Provides an overview of our nation's intellectual property laws, including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. Discusses other matters related to intellectual property, including licensing, competition policy issues, and remedies.

LAWS 6511 (3). Labor Law.
Includes the subjects of evolution of labor relations laws; how a collective bargaining relationship is established; negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement; labor and the antitrust laws; and rights of the individual worker. Course materials frame the issue of how a developed or postindustrial democracy deals with the problems that arise out of the employment relationship: of the choices between laissez-faire, substantive regulation, and the private ordering of the employment relationship through the collective bargaining process.

LAWS 6521 (3). Employment Law.
Entails a survey of employment-at-will, workplace safety, workplace torts; ERISA and retirement, workers' compensation; controls on hours and wages; health insurance; disability and unemployment compensation.

LAWS 6531 (3). Comparative Employment Law.
In today's globalized world, lawyers are increasingly likely to encounter issues involving foreign employment. The course will provide substantive knowledge about foreign employment law and its relation to American law, as well as a comparative framework to assess the relative merits of the American approach to employment law.

LAWS 7011 (3). Creditors' Remedies and Debtors' Protection.
Examines typical state rights and procedures for the enforcement of claims and federal and state law limitations providing protection to debtors in the process. Includes prejudgment remedies, statutory and equitable remedies, fraudulent conveyance principles, and exemptions and other judicial protections afforded debtors.

LAWS 7021 (3). Bankruptcy.
Briefly examines nonbankruptcy business rehabilitation devices, followed by basic principles of federal bankruptcy law and the bankruptcy court system. Concludes with attention to business reorganizations under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Recommended prereq., LAWS 6001 and 7011.

LAWS 7101 (4). Deals: Engineering Financial Transactions.
Explores the business lawyer's role in creating value by helping clients identify, assess, and manage business risks through efficient contract design while achieving the optimal legal, tax or regulatory treatment for the deal. Includes case studies of actual transactions.

LAWS 7121 (3). Advanced Contracts: Commercial Transactions.
Studies Article 2 and Article 2A of the Uniform Commercial Code, together with the Convention and the International Sale of Goods. Advanced contracts topics are explored in depth. Among other subjects, warranties, title, remedies, and risk of loss in the sale of lease of goods will be studied.

LAWS 7201 (3). Antitrust.
Studies American competition policy: collaborations among competitors, including agreements on price and boycotts, definition of agreement, monopolization, vertical restraints such as resale price maintenance, and territorial confinement of dealers. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7211 (3). Business Planning.
Focuses on the development and use of concepts derived from a number of legal areas in the context of business planning and counseling. Topics such as formation of business entities, sale of a business, recapitalization, division, reorganization, and dissolution are considered. Prereqs., LAWS 6007, 6201, and 6251 or 6211.

LAWS 7221 (2-3). Government Regulation of Business.
Covers themes that explore the nature of the regulatory state and the realities of how businesses react to regulation. Provides an understanding of regulatory institutions; the tools of governmental regulation; and a critical perspective on regulation.

LAWS 7241 (3). Telecommunications Law and Policy.
Examines laws governing telecommunications industries, including federal and state regulation and international aspects. Includes telephone, cable, satellite, cellular, and other wireless systems, and the Internet.

LAWS 7261 (3). Corporate Finance.
Examines a variety of important legal issues related to the funding and financing corporations including creditor protection laws, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, fiduciary duties, bond indenture provisions, securities laws, and rights of equity holders. Covers efficient capitalization structures, corporated valuation techniques, capital markets and the efficient market theory, and cost of capital concept. Prereq., LAWS 6211 or 6251.

LAWS 7271 (3). Venture Capital and Private Equity.
Provides overview of the legal and financial principles to represent privately held companies, their founders and managers, and their investors. Emphasizes transaction structuring rather than judicial opinions. Includes the organization and financing of start-ups, structuring buyout transactions, exit strategies, legal organization of investment funds and other financial intermediaries. Discusses the relevant regulatory landscape, including securities law, bankruptcy, ERISA, and tax law.

LAWS 7301 (2-3). Copyright.
Examines state and federal laws relating to the protection of works of authorship ranging from traditional works to computer programs. Studies the 1976 Copyright Act as well as relevant earlier acts. Gives attention to state laws, such as interference with contractual relations, the right of publicity, moral right, protection of ideas, and misappropriation of trade values, that supplement federal copyright.

LAWS 7311 (2-3). Patent Law.
Covers selected topics, such as patentable subject matter, patentability, and utilization of patent rights through licensing and infringement litigation. Covers practice and procedure of the patent and trademark office.

LAWS 7321 (2). IP and Technology Contracting.
Covers transactions, and often high-tech deals involving intellectual property rights. Studies IP ownership; assignment or rights; commercialization transactions (licensing, distribution, strategic); antitrust; and emerging issues. Gives students essential tools to draft and analyze technology contracts. Prereqs., LAWS 6301 or 7301.

LAWS 7331 (2). Sports Law.
Covers the application of rules from agency, antitrust, contracts, constitutional law (including sex discrimination), labor law, property, torts, unincorporated associations, and other subjects to those persons involved in the production and delivery of athletic competition to consumers. Explores the development of the application of these rules to a sports setting and related economic issues.

LAWS 7341 (3). Trademark and Unfair Competition Law.
Examines trademark protection, the interaction of trademark and unfair competition law with other intellectual property doctrines, the requirements for acquiring and retaining federal trademark rights, false advertising and other misrepresentations, the right of publicity and related claims, remedies for infringement, and international aspects of trademark protection.

LAWS 7401 (3). Securities Regulation.
Stresses statutory interpretation of the various federal statutes regulating the issue of corporate securities and the cases and regulations that have arisen out of those statutes.

LAWS 7411 (3). Mergers, Acquisitions, and Reorganizations.
Studies the planning of corporate mergers, acquisitions, and reorganizations, examining the application and integration of state corporate law, federal securities law, accounting principles, tax law, labor law, products liability law, environmental law, ERISA, and antitrust law.

LAWS 7541 (3). Employment Discrimination.
Examines statutory and constitutional prohibitions of discrimination in employment on the basis of race, gender, age, religion, national origin, and disability.

LAWS 7611 (2-3). International Business Transactions.
Examines the sources of international business law, the relationship between such law and the U.S. legal system, the choice of law in international business disputes, the special issues that arise when doing business with foreign governments, the law governing international sales and the shipment of goods, and international intellectual property protection. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7751 (3). Arbitration.
Discusses the nature of arbitration, tactical considerations in whether to use this form or another form of dispute resolution, the drafting of effective contracts to arbitrate the enforceability of these contracts, and the enforcement of arbitration awards. Covers the preclusive effect of arbitration proceedings, multiparty arbitration, and choice of law. Students conduct simulated arbitrations.

LAWS 8011 (1-3). Seminar: Humanizing Contracts: Service Learning.
Examines contract theory and policy, while providing community-based service. Students analyze and discuss readings exploring doctrinal and theoretical bases of contract law, and see "contracts in action" through participating in a service project. Requires a final paper linking theory and doctrine with service experiences. Note: this is a year-long seminar (2 credits per semester); students must enroll in both semesters but receive only one grade at the end of the year. Students participate in a service project that may include off-campus and weekend participation.

LAWS 8021 (3). Seminar: Consumer Empowerment.
Considers contract theories and principles emanating from classical and neoclassical law, legal realism, law and economics, and critical legal studies. Explores and questions tensions among theories, focusing on how they interact with norms, goals, and functions of contract and consumer protection law. Observes these tensions "in action" through volunteer work with Heritage House, a home for young women who are "at risk" and cannot live with their families at this time for different reasons.

LAWS 8251 (2). Seminar: Advanced Corporate Law.
Explores current issues in corporate and securities law, including developments in fiduciary duties of officers and directors, corporate governance, executive compensation, revisions to the model business corporation act, and state and federal litigation reform.

LAWS 8311 (2). Seminar: Computer Crimes.
Explores legal issues that judges, legislators, prosecutors, and defense attorneys confront with the recent explosion in computer related crime. Includes Fourth Amendment in cyberspace, law of electronic surveillance, computer hacking and other computer crimes, encryption, online economic espionage, cyberterrorism, First Amendment in cyberspace, federal and state relations in enforcement of computer crime laws, and civil liberties online.

LAWS 8341 (3). Seminar: Law and Economics of the Information Age.
Examines basic regulatory and legal challenges of our information economy and digital age. Emphasizes the "networked" information industries, the proper role of "unbundling" policies to advance competition, and how intellectual property and antitrust rules should be developed. Prereq., LAWS 7201, 7241, or 7301. Same as TLEN 5260.

LAWS 8401 (2). Seminar: Securities Litigation and Enforcement.
Designed for students interested in studying topics related to securities litigation. Covers civil liability under the Securities Act of 1933, proxy fraud, class actions (with special emphasis on the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act and the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act), market manipulation, SEC enforcement actions, enforcement issues involving attorneys and accountants, criminal enforcement, international securities fraud, and securities arbitration.

LAWS 8511 (2). Seminar: Wal-Mart.
Examines issues raised by Wal-Mart's size, power and business model. Considered issues bring numerous areas of law into play, including employment and labor law, social welfare legislation, class actions, antitrust, zoning, international labor and human rights regulation, and international trade. The course will show how different areas of the law are integrated in practice.

LAWS 8701 (2). Seminar: Counseling Families in Business.
Explores the legal aspects of owning, managing, and participating in a successful family business system, including corporate structure, legal issues, succession planning and estate management, internal capital markets in private enterprise, ownership issues in private businesses, how lawyers can assist with family governance, planning for and managing family philanthropy, gender issues in family business, and conflict resolution. Recommended prereqs., LAWS 6104, 6157, 6211, and/or 7409.

LAWS 6210 (3). Comparative Law.
Considers foreign solutions to certain key legal problems. Focuses on general problems of legal process, rather than on substantive rules. Topics include the role of lawyers, civil dispute resolution, criminal procedure, and employment discrimination. Covers different legal systems in different years.

LAWS 6420 (1). Law and the Holocaust.
Explores comparative law, jurisprudence, conflicts of laws and international law. Examines the Nazi philosophy of law emanating from its egregious racial ideology, and how it was used to pervert Germany's legal system to discriminate against, ostracize, dehumanize, and eliminate certain classes of people. Studies the role of international law in rectifying the damage by bringing perpetrators to justice and constructing a legal system designed to prevent a repetition.

LAWS 6510 (2-3). International Environmental Law.
Examines international environmental law, including transboundary impacts and global issues. Addresses such issues as intergenerational equities, principles of compensation, and if international environmental norms should receive special environmental norm consideration. A course in public international law is not a prerequisite, but students who have not taken such a course will probably find it useful to do some additional background reading. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7320 (3). International Human Rights: Crime and Punishment.
Surveys international human rights law and international crime and punishment. Addresses idea of rights from a historical, philosophical, conceptual and analytical perspective; explores the "primary rules of conduct" as well as adjudication and remedies, and selected rights from a comparative perspective. Recommended prereq., LAWS 6400.

LAWS 8320 (2). Seminar: Oil and International Relations.
Addresses the extent to which the international community of nations is oil dependent. Assesses the impact and the geopolitical dangers to international relations arising from the expanding demand for scarce oil from developing, as well as developed, economies.

LAWS 8430 (2). Seminar: Comparative Public Health Law and Ethics.
Compares public health law systems to those in other countries. Studies the goals, legal structures, and services provided, together with such issues of coercion as quarantines, monitoring, mandates and prohibitions, and forcing pharmaceutical companies to make available inexpensive generic drugs.

LAWS 8450 (2). Seminar: International Development Law and Policy.
Introduces students to the legal and policy issues that surround the economic development of lesser developed countries. Explores the legal, institutional and political interplay that is shaping the way governments strike the balance between policies aimed at economic integration and growth, and those aimed at achieving broader social and environmental objectives.

LAWS 6002 (3). Public Land Law.
Deals with the legal status and management of resources on federal lands, including national forests, parks, and BLM lands. Explores federal law, policy, and agency practice affecting the use of mineral, timber, range, water, wildlife, and wilderness resources on public lands. Prereq., LAWS 6112.

LAWS 6112 (3). Foundations of American Natural Resources Law.
Introduces students to the law of natural resources. Examines the legal, historical, political, and intellectual influences that shape resources development and conservation. Same as ENVS 6112.

LAWS 6302 (3). Water Resources.
Analyzes regional and national water problems, including the legal methods by which surface and ground water supplies are allocated, managed, and protected.

LAWS 6712 (2). Law, Science and Policy in a Changing Climate.
Examines the science of climate change and the broader role of science in public policymaking. Reviews the changing legal landscape to abate greenhouse gas emissions, and key issues in policy design. Reviews the Supreme Court's April 2nd, 2007 decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, overturning EPA's refusal to regulate greenhouse gas pollution from motor vehicle tailpipes, and the aftermath in the courts, Executive Branch and Congress.

LAWS 7132 (3). Energy, Insecurity, Sustainable Law.
Examines why national security deals not only with armed aggression and the ability to thwart military invasions or subversion, but also includes critical threats to vital national and international support systems such as the economy, energy, and the environment.

LAWS 7202 (3). Environmental Law.
Examines and analyzes important federal pollution control statutes, including the National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, Solid Waste Act, and Superfund. Considers related economic theory, ethics, and policy issues.

LAWS 7402 (2). The Law of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes.
Examines the EPA's federal hazardous waste statutes, including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). Analyzes the RCRA "cradle-to-grave" hazardous waste program, and addresses the evolving CERCLA liability scheme and cleanup process.

LAWS 8112 (2-3). Seminar: Advanced Natural Resources Law.
Studies historical, literary, and scientific materials and analyzes current problems of natural resource law. Requires additional field trip expenses. Recommended prereqs., LAWS 6002, 6112, 6302, 7725. May be repeated up to 5 total credit hours.

LAWS 5223 (2). Appellate Court Advocacy.
Students prepare appellate briefs and related documents and deliver oral arguments before a three-judge court composed of faculty, upper-division students, and practicing attorneys. Practice arguments are videotaped and critiqued.

LAWS 5303 (2-3). Civil Procedure 1.
Studies modern practice in civil suits, including rules governing pleading, joinder of parties, discovery, jurisdiction of courts over the subject matter and parties, right to jury trial, appeals, and res judicata and collateral estoppel, with emphasis on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and their Colorado counterpart.

LAWS 5313 (3). Civil Procedure 2.
Studies modern practice in civil suits, including rules governing pleading, joinder of parties, discovery, jurisdiction of courts over the subject matter and parties, right to jury trial, appeals, and res judicata and collateral estoppel, with emphasis on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and their Colorado counterpart.

LAWS 5503 (4). Criminal Law.
Studies statutory and common law of crimes and defenses, the procedures by which the law makes judgments as to criminality of conduct, the purposes of criminal law, and the constitutional limits upon it.

LAWS 6103 (2-3). Legal Ethics Professionalism.
Examines the legal profession as an institution, its history and traditions, and the ethics of the bar with particular emphasis on the professional responsibilities of the lawyer. Discusses the Model Rules of Professional Conduct.

LAWS 6353 (3). Evidence.
Studies the methods and forms of proof in litigation, including detailed consideration of hearsay, impeachment of witnesses, relevancy and certain restrictions on authentication and best evidence doctrines, and privileges.

LAWS 6363 (5). Evidence and Trial Practice.
Studies methods and forms of proof in litigation, including detailed consideration of hearsay, impeachment of witnesses, relevancy and certain restrictions on authentication and best evidence doctrines, and privileges. Applies rules and doctrine of evidence in simulated trial settings. Combined Evidence and Trial Practice course. Satisfies the trial practice requirement and counts two hours toward the 14 credit hour maximum in clinical hours.

LAWS 6503 (3). Law and Social Sciences.
Explores disparities in criminal sentencing and death penalty cases; quality and effectiveness of legal representation for indigent criminal defendants; relationship between modifications in traditional steps in legal process; connection between alternative tort doctrines and volume of litigation, trial rates, plaintiff success rates and award size; impact of congressional statutes and US Supreme Court decisions on handling and outcomes of habeas corpus petitions.

LAWS 7003 (3). Federal Courts.
Looks at structure and jurisdiction of the federal courts, emphasizing problems of federalism and separation of powers and their relationship to resolution of substantive disputes.

LAWS 7013 (2). Supreme Court Decision Making.
Students deliberate over several important cases as "justices" of the Supreme Court. Class is divided into three "courts" with the first hour spent in deliberation and the second hour in discussion of the deliberative process as well as the substantive issues.

LAWS 7023 (3). Jury Selection and History.
Studies the history of the jury from ancient times through the implications of Apprendi, the grand jury from the time of Henry II through modern federal practice, and current jury selection procedures, both federal and Colorado, both civil and criminal. Experienced trial attorneys will work with students to demonstrate jury selection.

LAWS 7303 (3). Complex Civil Litigation.
Covers civil procedure in modern complex multiparty suits, including class actions in such settings as employment discrimination and mass torts, and problems in discovery, joinder, res judicata, collateral estoppel, and judicial management in such suits. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7323 (2). Patent Litigation.
Focuses on unique aspects of patent litigation: substantive patent law, civil procedure, federal jurisdiction, and litigation strategy; includes claim construction, infringement, anticipation and obviousness defenses, unenforceability challenges, declaratory judgments, injunctions, damages, settlements, licenses, and trial strategy. Of interest and useful to those interested in intellectual properly generally, not just patents or in litigation.

LAWS 7513 (3). Domestic Violence.
Explores the law, policy, history, and theory of domestic violence. Examines the limits of legal methods and remedies for holding batterers accountable and keeping victims safe; the dynamics of abusive relationships; the history of the criminal justice system's response to domestic violence; the defenses available to battered persons who kill their abusers; the legal paradigm of the sympathetic victim; psychological and feminist theories about abusive relationships; civil rights and tort liability for batterers and third parties; and the intersection of domestic violence with international human rights.

LAWS 7523 (2). Juvenile Law.
Takes a critical look at the juvenile justice system and how it responds to the needs of juveniles who are either delinquents and/or victims of abuse. Issues include the rights and responsibility of parents, parental responsibility programs, delinquents, and the future of our juvenile courts.

LAWS 8613 (2). Seminar: Civil Liberties Litigation.
Studies issues unique to the prosecution and defense of civil liberties lawsuits. Discusses litigation strategies with reference to lawsuits currently pending in the federal courts.

LAWS 5624 (2-3). Property 1.
Topics include personal property, estates and interests in land, landlord-tenant, basic land conveyancing, and private land use controls.

LAWS 5634 (2-3). Property 2.
Topics include personal property, estates and interests in land, landlord-tenant, basic land conveyancing, and private land use controls.

LAWS 6004 (3). Real Estate Transactions.
Focuses on legal issues that arise in all phases of real estate transactions, with an emphasis on the role of the lawyer in the business of real estate as well as on the regulation of real estate markets.

LAWS 6104 (3). Wills and Trusts.
Covers intestate succession; family protection; execution of wills; revocation and revival; will contracts and will substitutes; creation of trusts; modification and termination; charitable trusts; fiduciary administration, including probate and contest of wills; and construction problems in estate distribution.

LAWS 7024 (2-3). Real Estate Planning.
Considers various contemporary legal problems involved in the ownership, use, development, and operation of real estate. Emphasizes the income tax and financing aspects of commercial and residential use and development such as shopping plazas and apartment buildings. Same as ACCT 6730.

LAWS 7154 (3). Land Use Planning.
Explores mechanisms for public control of private land uses, such as planning, zoning, and regulation of land development; including consideration of federal and state constitutional and statutory limitations on local governments. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7164 (2). Land Conservation Law.
Focuses on private land conservation efforts in the United States, and particularly Colorado, and also considers public land conservation programs. Analyzes real property principles and instruments used to protect land, and the development and acceptance of conservation easements in gross as a mechanism for protection, financing mechanisms for land conservation, including direct government funding and indirect funding through tax incentives at the federal, state and local levels. Understanding of Real Property and Tax concepts helpful.

LAWS 8104 (2). Seminar: Cities, Suburbs and the Law.
Explores dynamics that play out in the relationship between cities, suburbs, exurbs and other patterns of urban development. Explores the nature of local power, relations between local jurisdictions, and metropolitan and regional approaches to governance. Includes fiscal disparities, ethnic and racial segregation, sprawl and growth controls, affordable housing, transportation, and the urban/rural divide.

LAWS 5425 (4). Torts.
Studies nonconsensual allocation of losses for civil wrongs, focusing primarily on concepts of negligence and strict liability.

LAWS 6005 (4). Constitutional Law.
Studies constitutional structure: judicial review, federalism, separation of powers; and constitutional rights of due process and equal protection.

LAWS 6045 (3). Criminal Procedure.
Focuses primarily on the constitutional limitations applicable to such police investigative techniques as arrest, search, seizure, electronic surveillance, interrogation, and lineup identification.

LAWS 6105 (2). Spanish for Family Law Practice.
Provides Spanish-speaking students with vocabulary, legal-drafting skills, and a working knowledge of Spanish to enable them to serve families in the Family Law Division of the Boulder and Adams County Courts. Students prepare letters, memoranda, pleadings, and agreements in Spanish, role-play mock interviews with clients, and study specific legal rules that govern Boulder County and Adams County.

LAWS 7015 (3). First Amendment.
Examines speech and religion clauses of the First Amendment. Includes the philosophical foundation of free expression, analytical problems in First Amendment jurisprudence, and the relationships between free exercise of religion and the separation of church and state.

LAWS 7025 (3). Civil Rights Legislation.
Presents a comprehensive study of federal civil rights statutes briefly reviewed in other courses (e.g., Constitutional Law or Federal Courts). Studies federal civil rights statutes, their judicial application, and their interrelationships as a discretely significant body of law of increasing theoretical interest and practical importance.

LAWS 7045 (3). Criminal Procedure: Adjudicative Process.
Focuses primarily on criminal procedure at and after trial. Looks at bail, prosecutorial discretion, discovery, plea bargaining, speedy trial, jury trial, the right to counsel at trial, double jeopardy, appeal, and federal habeas corpus.

LAWS 7055 (3). Education Law.
Considers issues raised by the interaction of law and education. Issues may include the legitimacy of compulsory schooling, alternatives to public schools, socialization and discipline in the schools, and questions of equal educational opportunities.

LAWS 7065 (3). Immigration and Citizenship Law.
Covers legal issues pertaining to noncitizens of the United States, especially their right to enter and remain as immigrants and nonimmigrants. Topics include admission and exclusion, deportation, and refugees and political asylum. Approaches topics from various perspectives, including constitutional law, statutory interpretation, planning, ethics, history, and policy.

LAWS 7105 (3). Family Law.
Focuses on nature of marriage, actions for annulment and divorce, problems of alimony and property division, separation agreements, and custody of children. Also considers illegitimacy, abortion, contraception, the status of married women in common law and under modern statutes, and relations of parent and child.

LAWS 7115 (2). Juvenile Justice.
Covers a wide array of issues dealing with the legal rights of the unborn, children, and juveniles. Covers the legal status of parent-child abuse, delinquency and crime, and emancipation.

LAWS 7135 (3). Parent, Child and State.
Examines the legal rights of parents and children in a constitutional framework, as well as the state's authority to define and regulate the parent-child relationship. Addresses rights of parents and children to freedom of expression and religious exercise, termination of parental rights and adoption, paternity orientation, and culture in defining the family.

LAWS 7205 (3). Administrative Law.
Covers practices and procedures of administrative agencies and limitations thereon, including the Federal Administrative Procedure Act, and the relationship between courts and agencies.

LAWS 7255 (3). Local Government.
Studies state legislative and judicial control of the activities, powers, and duties of local governmental units, including home-rule cities and counties, and some problems of federal, state, and local constitutional and statutory limitations on governmental powers when exercised by local governmental units (e.g., the powers to regulate private activities, tax, spend, borrow money, and condemn private property for public uses). Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7325 (3). Election Law.
Examines the rapidly evolving field of election law: the right to vote, voting procedures, redistricting, candidate selection, campaign finance laws, and direct democracy. Emphasizes federal law, including applicable constitutional jurisprudence.

LAWS 7335 (1). The Law of Presidential Elections.
Examines the laws and regulations that uniquely shape presidential selection, analyzing practical applications as well as the broader constitutional and policy considerations. A combination of federal, state, and local laws shapes how Americans select their president. But more than ever before, Americans are questioning the rules that influence presidential selection, such as the major party primary system, ballot access, presidential campaign financing, and the electoral college.

LAWS 7405 (2-3). Health Law 2: Medical Malpractice and Quality Regulation.
Explores (1) the law controlling ethical issues that arise during the delivery of medical care, (2) the substantive law of medical malpractice and tort reform aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of medical malpractice verdicts, and (3) the practical aspects of litigating a medical malpractice case. Cross-listed at the Health Sciences Center; will include field trips there.

LAWS 7425 (2-3). Health Law.
Acquaints students with the issues arising at the interface between law and medicine through analysis of cases and other materials. Critically analyzes methods used by courts and legislatures to address medical/legal problems in an effort to determine whether the legal resolution was reasonable and appropriate in light of medical, social, and political considerations. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7475 (2). Advanced Torts.
Studies selected tort actions and theories. Topics covered may include "dignitary torts" (e.g., defamation, privacy, etc.), business torts, and product liability. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 7515 (3). Poverty Law.
Explores the legal and policy responses to poverty in the United States and addresses how the law shapes the lives of poor people and communities. Examines the extent of poverty in the United States, the root causes, and the historical development of social welfare policy. Focuses on the rights-based aspect of poverty law and various policies that attempt to ameliorate poverty.

LAWS 7525 (3). Race and American Law.
Examines the judiciary's approach to racial discrimination from America's colonial period to the present day. Concludes with an analysis of the contemporary status of racial subordination in the legal system and considers recent scholarly critiques of the law's limitations in effecting racial justice. Employs an interdisciplinary approach and covers the experiences of American Indians, African Americans, Asian Pacific Americans, and Chicana/os.

LAWS 7605 (2). Refugee and Asylum Law.
Focuses on protections offered under international and domestic law for persons who are threatened by persecution or other adverse conditions in their country of origin. Covers who is a refugee and the protections they have or do not have under United States and international law.

LAWS 7725 (3). American Indian Law.
Investigates the federal statutory, decisional, and constitutional law that bears upon American Indians, tribal governments, and Indian reservation transactions.

LAWS 7735 (2). Advanced American Indian Law.
Examines selected issues in the field emphasizing major emerging problems and reform proposals. Examples of issues include Alaska development and the Indian Child Welfare Act.

LAWS 7775 (1). Gender Law and Public Policy.
Examines the relationship of law and gender in criminal law, and constitutional law, using feminist theoretical perspectives as the organizing principle. Each perspective is applied to cases and materials on such topics as violence against women, prostitution, pornography, and discrimination in education and athletics.

LAWS 8005 (2). Seminar: Advanced Constitutional Law Equality and Privacy.
Addresses "Equal Protection" rights under the Fourteenth Amendment and "privacy" rights to personal autonomy. Analyzes varied constitutional grounds for recognizing or rejecting abortion rights; limits on Congressional power to pass civil rights laws granting broader rights than the Fourteenth Amendment does; treatment of sexual orientation-related laws and government actions as "privacy" versus "equality" matters; and "benign"/"remedial" race- and sex-based government decisions such as affirmative action and same-sex schools.

LAWS 8015 (3). Seminar: Constitutional Theory.
Examines the role of the courts and the other branches of government in defining and enforcing constitutional values. Relevant readings are from philosophy, social sciences, and legal scholarship, as well as cases.

LAWS 8025 (2). Seminar: Advanced Topics in Federalism.
Explores the development of "Our Federalism", the relationship between federal and state governments, from the founding period of the US Supreme Court's recent New Federalism jurisprudence. Studies historical material, commentary, and case law, and addresses how federalism is defined; the values that federalism serves; the role of federalism in our interconnected, global society; the Supreme Court's boundaries of federalism; the direction of New Federalism.

LAWS 8075 (2). Seminar: Race, Racism, and American Law.
Focuses on issues of race reform law, in particular the group of issues dealing with Black Americans. (Students of all hues and persuasions are welcome.) Offers an interpretive or critical dimension, rather than a litigation-oriented one. Helps students understand how race reform law works and how attitudes and historical forces have shaped that body of law.

LAWS 8095 (2). Seminar: Problems in Constitutional Law.
Explores how theories of social freedom and self-governance developed in the United States. Analyzes the most controversial socio-legal issues as they relate to privacy, equal protection and other questions of substantive due process. Discusses recent trends in national security and information privacy to evaluate their overall relevance to civil liberties and nascent influence on the fundamental rights debate in the US and abroad.

LAWS 8335 (2). Seminar: Advanced Criminal Procedure.
Focuses on a particular topic in criminal procedure. Topics include the privilege against self- incrimination, juries, and defense and prosecution ethics.

LAWS 8395 (2). Seminar: Separation of Powers.
Explores the constitutional relationships among the three branches of the federal government in the sphere of domestic matters, omitting foreign affairs and war. Develops topics including executive orders, Congressional control of the executive and the courts, appointment and removal of officers, impeachment, executive privilege, use of military tribunals, and the election of 2000. A seminar paper will be required.

LAWS 8405 (2). Seminar: Public Health Law and Ethics.
Explores rules of law pertaining to the American public health care system and the ethical issues raised by the government's effort to protect the health of the American people. To be held at Health Sciences Campus.

LAWS 8415 (2). Seminar: Bioethics and Law.
Focuses on legal, moral, and economic analyses of problems posed or soon to be posed by advances in biomedical technologies.

LAWS 8425 (2). Seminar: Advanced Torts.
Explores how dignitary interests have influenced the development of and have been incorporated into law, using the common law of torts and the constitutional rights of life and liberty as a general (but not exclusive) focal point of discussion.

LAWS 8515 (2). Seminar: Forced Labor.
Reviews several regimes of compulsory labor that have been central to the American experience: Black chattel slavery in the antebellum South; debt peonage, criminal surety, and related institutions of agricultural involuntary servitude; convict leasing and other forms of compulsory inmate labor; "white slavery" and prostitution; and forced labor among immigrants. Emphasizes the complicated role that the law has played, and in some respects continues to play, in both supporting and undermining such institutions.

LAWS 8535 (2). Seminar: Class and Law.
Explores issues relating social class to such areas as labor relations, law enforcement, controls on radical movements, and the distribution of wealth and power. Considers problems defining social class.

LAWS 8705 (2). Seminar: Affordable Housing.
Explores the policy, legal, and practical dynamics that drive the development and preservation of privately owned, government subsidized affordable housing. Investigates the nature of the market for housing, with particular emphasis on multifamily rental housing, and debates about market failure in that context and then outline and contrast the major regulatory responses to such market failure. Explores how subsidy programs work in practice, focusing on model documents to frame sample transactions.

LAWS 8725 (2). Seminar: Advanced American Indian Law.
Examines selected issues in the field, emphasizing major emerging problems and reform proposals. Examples include Alaska development and the Indian Child Welfare Act.

LAWS 8765 (2). Seminar: Gender, Law, and Public Policy.
Examines the relationship of law and gender in criminal law, and constitutional law, using feminist theoretical perspectives as the organizing principle. Each perspective is applied to cases and materials on such topics as violence against women, prostitution, pornography, and discrimination in education and athletics.

LAWS 8775 (2). Seminar: Advanced Topics in Health Law and Policy.
Addresses advanced legal issues in representing physicians, long-term care institutions, hospitals, and other health providers. Issues range from economic policy, distributive justice, and bioethical questions to antitrust and regulatory issues. Recommended prereq., LAWS 7425. To be taught at Health Sciences Center.

LAWS 5226 (2). Legal Writing.
Provides an intensive introduction to the resources available for legal research. Students also prepare written material of various kinds designed to develop research skills, legal writing style, and analysis of legal problems.

LAWS 6206 (3). Litigation Drafting.
Examines the intersection of civil procedure and legal writing. Emphasizes the drafting of persuasive adversarial litigation documents, including complaints, answers, motions in limine, motions to dismiss, motions of summary judgment, and jury instructions. Intensive writing and workshop format.

LAWS 6856 (2). Advanced Legal Research.
Offers an in-depth look at research resources and methods. Includes sources from the judicial, legislative, and executive branches of federal and state government; research in topical areas such as environmental law, taxation, and international law; and extensive coverage of secondary and nonlaw resources. Covers both print and electronic sources. Students will have several assignments and a final project.

LAWS 7106 (1-2). Rothgerber Moot Court Competition.
Offers an intensive involvement in legal research, appellate brief writing, and oral arguments in a competitive context. Student finalists may continue involvement in regional and national competitions.

LAWS 7406 (1). International Moot Court Competition.
Open only to students who actively participate in the seminar preparing for the competition, in the preparation of memorials for the competition, and in the practice of oral arguments or regional oral arguments.

LAWS 7846 (1). Independent Legal Research.
Involves independent study and preparation of a research paper under faculty supervision. Students produce a research paper equivalent to a seminar research paper. A draft is submitted, subjected to critique by the faculty member, and redrafted. Available during or after the fifth semester of law school. Prereq., instructor consent.

LAWS 7896 (1). Independent Legal Research: Law Review.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the University of Colorado Law Review.

LAWS 7906 (2). Independent Legal Research: Law Review.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the University of Colorado Law Review.

LAWS 7916 (1). Independent Legal Research: Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy.

LAWS 7926 (2). Independent Legal Research: Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy.

LAWS 7936 (1). Independent Legal Research: Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law.

LAWS 7946 (2). Independent Legal Research: Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in the research, writing, and editing activities involved in publishing the Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law.

LAWS 6007 (4). Income Taxation.
Emphasizes the fundamentals of the federal income tax system and examines its impact on the individual.

LAWS 6117 (3). Survey of Business Enterprise Tax.
Makes a comparative survey of federal income taxation of C corporations, S corporations, and partnership/limited liability companies, the principal entity choices for conducting business in the United States. Includes formation, operations, distributions, sales of interests, and liquidation. Suitable for students seeking introductory background for business or real estate practice, without the detail required for a tax specialist. Prereq., LAWS 6007.

LAWS 6157 (3). Corporate Taxation.
Studies federal income taxation related to taxable corporations, the entities through which a large part of the economic activity in the U.S. is conducted. Includes creation, operation, distributions, sale of interests, and liquidation.

LAWS 6167 (3). Taxation of Conduit Entities.
Studies federal income taxation of pass-through entities such as are used by most small businesses in the U.S. Includes creation, operation, distributions, sale of interests, and liquidation.

LAWS 7207 (3). Federal Estate and Gift Tax.
Analyzes federal estate and gift taxation of inter vivos and testamentary transfers, introduces income taxation of estates and trusts, and involves elementary estate planning.

LAWS 7217 (2). Estate Planning.
Discusses problems and solutions for owners of various-sized estates and different types of assets including jointly-held property, stock in closely-held corporations and farms, analysis of federal taxation of generation-skipping transfers in trust, postmortem estate planning, and drafting of trusts and wills. Prereqs., LAWS 6104 and LAWS 7207.

LAWS 7617 (3). International Taxation.
Covers basic aspects of the United States taxation of income earned abroad by its citizens and the taxation of income derived by foreign persons from U.S. sources, including the implications of income tax treaties. Prereq., LAWS 6007 or 6157. Same as ACCT 6780.

LAWS 8407 (2). Seminar: Tax Policy.
Considers questions of fairness, efficiency, and promotion of social goals as they arise in federal, state, and local systems of raising revenue through user fees and through taxation of income, sales, property, and estates and gifts. Past seminar papers have covered the taxation of business organizations, the value added tax, the social security tax, the taxation of farming, and the tax exemption of religion. Offered in alternate years.

LAWS 6128 (1-3). Legislation.
Examines theories of legislation and the relation between legislatures and courts, emphasizing problems of statutory interpretation and other issues in the judicial use or misuse of statutes.

LAWS 6138 (3). Federal Tax Politics.
Studies the tax system as the nexus of politics and economics. Examines how various interests and entities use the many tools of political power to shape the tax system. Intended for those interested in politics and legislation, rather than for the tax specialist.

LAWS 6308 (2). Law and Biology.
Investigates whether humans have an instinct for fairness and justice, the nature of good and evil, and why people behave the way they do. Studies why groups of people pass laws to express how they expect group members to behave. Examines questions about the foundations of law, first by surveying traditional philosophical and economic approaches to human behavior, and then by examining recent developments in genetics, human evolution and the emerging law, economics and biology synthesis.

LAWS 6318 (3). Economic Analysis of Law.
Introduces the basic elements of economic theory and emphasizes demand and utility, cost, and optimality.

LAWS 7128 (2-3). Jurisprudence.
Addresses a number of fundamental questions, such as: What is law? What should it be? How is it created? Our readings consist of cutting-edge articles from leading modernist/postmodernist schools of thought including legal formalism, legal realism, interpretive theory, law and economics, feminist jurisprudence, critical legal studies, and law and literature. Same as LAWS 8128.

LAWS 7458 (2). Law and Literature.
Focuses on the question of what literature can teach lawyers through a variety of literary works and films. Covers traditional works by Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Camus, Kafka, and Melville, as well as more contemporary works by Toni Morrison and Norman Mailer. Several short reflection papers, a journal, and a final eight page paper are required.

LAWS 8128 (2-3). Jurisprudence.
Same as LAWS 7128.

LAWS 8458 (2). Seminar: Law and Literature.
Focuses on the question of what literature can teach lawyers through a variety of literary works and films. Covers traditional works by Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Camus, Kafka, and Melville, as well as more contemporary works by Toni Morrison and Norman Mailer. Several short reflection papers, a journal, and a final paper will be required.

LAWS 8508 (2). Seminar: Constitutional Foundations Core Ideas.
Focuses on core ideas in U.S. constitutional law, such as means/ends analysis, institutional competence, rights definitions, and juridical techniques for limiting governmental powers. Draws from historical writings, contemporary press accounts, learned treatises, oral arguments, law review articles, and key judicial opinions such as McCullough v. Maryland, Lochner v. New York, Brown v. Board of Education.

LAWS 8538 (2). Seminar: Modern Legal Theory Core Ideas.
Explores key ideas that have shaped American law and legal thought, such as Holmes' bad man, the Coase Theorem, the "hunch" theory of law, and others. Focuses on researching and writing many short papers.

LAWS 8608 (2). Seminar: Power, Ethics, and Professionalism.
Examines critically the possibility and character of ethical reasoning within the legal profession in light of its institutional structures. Explores descriptive/normative accounts of the profession's structure, "professionalism," and individual conscience. Put simply, the seminar explores whether it is possible to be a good lawyer and ethical person.

LAWS 6009 (4). Legal Aid Civil Practice 1.
Emphasizes procedural and practical remedies and defenses available in civil litigation. Assigns civil cases related to the course material. Develops working knowledge of courtroom skills. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6019 (4). Civil Practice Clinic 2.
Emphasizes procedural and practical remedies and defenses available in civil litigation. Assigns civil cases related to the course material. Develops working knowledge of courtroom skills. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6029 (4). Legal Aid Criminal Practice 1.
Provides thorough grounding in problems of criminal defense. Students defend indigent misdemeanants in Boulder courts. Develops working knowledge of courtroom skills. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6039 (4). Criminal Defense Clinic 2.
Provides thorough grounding in problems of criminal defense. Students defend indigent misdemeanants in Boulder courts. Develops working knowledge of courtroom skills. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6069 (4). Immigration Clinic.
Emphasizes practice skills in immigration cases. Includes litigation before Federal Immigration judges, Board of Immigration Appeals, and Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6079 (4). Criminal Defense Clinic.
Provides thorough grounding in problems of criminal defense. Students defend indigent misdemeanants. Develops working knowledge of courtroom skills, advocacy, and evidence presentation. Concludes with full mock trial. Prereq. or coreq., LAWS 6353.

LAWS 6109 (2). Trial Advocacy.
Focuses on voir dire, opening statement, direct examination of witnesses, and cross examination.

LAWS 7029 (3). Appellate Advocacy Clinic.
Provides a clinical course that enables students to work on briefs of criminal cases being handled by the Appellate Division of the Public Defender or Attorney General's Office. Instruction in oral advocacy is given. Enrollment limited to eight students. Pass/fail only.

LAWS 7079 (2). Wrongful Convictions.
Focuses on the issues and remedies in cases of people who have been convicted, whose traditional appellate remedies have been exhausted, and who continue to claim actual innocence. Preference given to those who have taken or are taking more criminal procedure courses.

LAWS 7159 (2). Advanced Trial Advocacy.
Offers an advanced course covering trial practice elements. Open only to students who have taken LAWS 6109.

LAWS 7169 (2). Motions Advocacy.
Provides practical training in preparing and arguing pretrial, post-trial, and chambers motions to an experienced federal judge based on materials from actual case files. Assigns some research papers. Limited to 15 third-year students with interest in trial advocacy and willingness to participate in confrontational exercises. Counts as practice hours.

LAWS 7209 (3). Natural Resources Litigation Clinic.
Offers hands-on experience in the practice of natural resources law in the Rocky Mountain region to a select number of clinic students. The clinic's docket of active cases focuses on public land law and the environmental statutes protecting those lands and their resources. Students participate in projects that test the full range of lawyering skills, including traditional litigation, administrative advocacy, legislative drafting, and the conduct of complex negotiations and settlements.

LAWS 7309 (2-4). American Indian Law Clinic.
Offers a clinical education course involving participation in the representation and advocacy of Indian causes---land or water claims, Indian religious freedom, job or other discrimination based on race, and issues implicating tribal sovereignty. Recommended prereq., LAWS 7725.

LAWS 7409 (3). Legal Negotiation.
Explores the fundamentals of effective negotiation techniques and policies for lawyers. Students engage in mock negotiations of several legal disputes. Credit is not given for both LAWS 7419 Legal Negotiation and Dispute Resolution and this course.

LAWS 7429 (2). Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Examines a variety of dispute resolution processes, such as mediation, arbitration, minitrials, and court-annexed settlement procedures, as alternatives to traditional court adjudication. Credit not given for both LAWS 7419 Legal Negotiation and Dispute Resolution and this course.

LAWS 7439 (2-3). Mediation.
Explores mediation, one of the more important methods of alternative dispute resolution, and the legal issues that may arise related to mediation. Considers what kinds of persons and disputes are most appropriate for mediation. Includes role playing.

LAWS 7449 (2-4). Juvenile Law Clinic.
Examines the world of child welfare from the view of the child client, by representing their best interests in abuse and neglect cases. As Guardians ad litem, students will represent children in abuse and neglect cases from the beginning, at the temporary shelter hearing, through the conclusion of the case at a permanency orders hearing. Prereq., LAWS 6353. May be repeated up to 8 total credit hours.

LAWS 7509 (1). Trial Competition.
Student teams further develop trial and advocacy skills in a competitive mock-trial format involving two or more rounds of trials. Requires preparation of trial briefs and drafting other court pleadings and documents. Credit is limited to the top two teams (six students). Student finalists may continue involvement in regional and national competitions. May be repeated within the term up to 4 total credit hours.

LAWS 7529 (1). Appellate Advocacy Competition.
Gives students the opportunity to participate in an intermural appellate advocacy competition, in which a brief must be filed and reviewed, critiqued, and deemed credit-worthy by a member of the faculty. (Law School Rule 3-2-9 (b) should be consulted prior to enrollment.)

LAWS 7609 (1). Law Practice Management.
Studies the establishment of a solo or small-firm legal practice. Topics include the business structure (PC, LLC, etc.), office systems, marketing and development, staffing, liability insurance, managing time, technology, and billing. (This practice course counts toward the 14 credit hour maximum of practice hours.) Course supported by the Section of Law Practice Management of the ABA in memory of Harold A. Feder, CU Law '59.

LAWS 7619 (2). Entrepreneurial Law Clinic.
Advise indigent clients who need legal services in the founding of their business or not-for-profit firms, registering LLCs, and drafting employment and intellectual property agreements. Prereq., two of the following courses: Agency Partnership and the LLC, Corporations, Securities, Seminar on Corporate Law, Law and Finance for Entrepreneurs, Accounting Issues for Lawyers, Patent Law, Trademark, and International Business Transactions.

LAWS 7809 (2). Technology Law and Policy Clinic.
Features technology law advocacy before administrative and legislative bodies. The mission of TLPC is: 1) to train and produce students equipped to conduct thoughtful analysis, and 2) provide unbiased assistance in the public interest concerning technology issues to regulatory entities, courts, legislatures and standard setting bodies. Recommended prereqs., LAWS 6301, 6318 or 7241.

LAWS 7939 (1-7). Extern Program.
Extern credit may be earned for uncompensated work for a sponsor, which may be any lawyer, judge, or organization that employs lawyers or judges and is approved by the Academic and Student Affairs Committee. Work is done under the direction of a field instructor (a lawyer or judge as the sponsor) and a member of the law faculty. Requires a substantial writing component and 50 hours of working time per credit hour. A minimum of 1 and a maximum of 7 credit hours may be earned. Classified as practice credit.