After reading Chapter 12, students should understand

1. The concepts of social mobility and class mobility. How do they differ? what examples of social and class mobility can you present? Which kind of mobility is more prevalent? Why?

2. How to define and identify horizontal, vertical, circular, downward mobility.

3. The importance of vertical mobility for equality of opportunity.

4. To define and identify structural mobility and individual mobility

5. To define and identify intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. What are the main lessons from the inflow and outflow tables?

6. To define and identify occupational mobility. What kind of mobility is it? is it class mobility?

7. Which groups show the highest and the lowest degree of occupational inheritance? .

8. To define and identify downward mobility

9. Secular changes in structural mobility. Which kind of mobility predominated in which sector of the economy? Why?

10. Changes in occupational mobility since the 1980s.

11. To identify and explain the effects of gender, race and ethnic inequality on individuals' chances for upward mobility.

12. the countries with the highest and lowest upward and downward mobility, and which country has the greatest occupational inheritance. How the United States and japan compare.

13. The process of status attainment and the Blau and Duncan and Wisconsin models.

14. The difference between allocation and attainment.

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