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In this system, we have a cell with a membrane with two different types of proteins: bacteriorhodopsin and ATP synthase.  

Task 1: Draw a graph of ATP and external H+ concentrations as a function of time.   Begin with the time the light is turned on.  

Task 2 : Turn the light off, and extend your graph of ATP and H+ concentrations. 

Q1: Now, consider a cell that has Na+,K+ ATPase, ATP synthase, and a light-regulated Na+, H+ antiporter  proteins in its membrane.  The antiporter can be closed by light at 380 nm and opened by light at 500 nm.  You start with a high concentration of ATP and you are in the dark.   What happens (to Na+, H+ and ATP) when you open the antiporter and why?


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