The following sample list offers choices of required reading for the M.A. Classical Antiquities Comprehensive Exam in Roman History.

Select three of the following areas of concentration. You must select I or II (or both). All sources may be read in English.

I. Roman Republic: Political and Military History

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Livy Histories books 5, 6, 20, 21, 37, 39
• Polybius Histories books 1-6
• Caesar Gallic Wars
• Cicero Verrine Orations
• Cicero Catilinarian Orations
• Sallust Catiline and Iugurtha

B. Secondary: select three of the following in consultation with your professor.

• A.E. Astin et al. eds. The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 8, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1989).
• E. Badian Foreign Clientelae (Oxford, 1958).
• E. Badian Publicans and Sinners (Ithaca, 1972).
• P.A. Brunt The Fall of the Roman Republic and Related Essays (Oxford, 1988).
• P.A. Brunt Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.-A.D. 14 (Oxford, 1971).
• J.A. Crook et al. eds. The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 9, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1994).
• E. Gruen The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (Berkeley, 1984).
• H.H. Scullard Roman Politics, 220-150 B.C (Oxford, 1973).
• R. Syme The Roman Revolution (Oxford, 1939).
• Ward, Heichelheim and Yeo A History of the Roman People, 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, 1998) chs. I-XXIV

II. Roman Empire: Political and Military History

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Tacitus Annals books 1-4
• Suetonius Lives of the Caesars
• Historia Augusta
• Dio Cassius Roman History books 50-56
• Herodian History of the Empire

B. Secondary: select three of the following in consultation with your professor.

• A.K. Bowman et al. eds. The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 10, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1995).
• P.A. Brunt Roman Imperial Themes (Oxford, 1990).
• E. Gibbon The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire chapters 1-16.
• F. Millar The Emperor in the Roman World (Ithaca, 1977).
• M. Rostovzeff The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1957).
• H.H. Scullard From the Gracchi to Nero (London, 1959).
• R. Syme Tacitus (Oxford, 1958).
• R.J.A. Talbert The Senate of Imperial Rome (Princeton, 1984).
• Ward, Heichelheim and Yeo A History of the Roman People, 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, 1998) chs. XXII-XXXV.

III. Social History

A.Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Pliny the Younger Letters
• Cato and Varro On Farming
• Petronius Satyricon
• Juvenal Satires
• Apuleius The Golden Ass
• Seneca Letters
• Catullus
• M. Fant and M. Lefkowitz Women in Greece and Rome 2nd ed. (London, 1982).

B. Secondary: select three of the following in consultation with your professor

• R. Duncan Jones The Economy of the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 1974).
• K.R. Bradley Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1987).
• P. Garnsey and R. Saller The Roman Empre. Economy, Society and Culture (Berkeley, 1987).
• P. Garnsey Famine and Food Supply in the Greco Roman World (Cambridge, 1988).
• K. Hopkins Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1977).
• R. Saller Patriarchy, Property, and Death in the Roman Family (Cambridge, 1994).
• J.E. Stambaugh The Ancient Roman City (Baltimore, 1988).
• G.E.M. de ste. Croix The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World (Ithaca, 1981).
• S. Treggiari Roman Marriage (Oxford, 1991).
• P. Veyne Bread and Circuses (London, 1990).

IV. Roman Law

A. Primary

• Gaius Institutes or Justinian Institutes

B.Secondary: select three of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Borkowski A Textbook of Roman Law (London, 1994).
• E. J. Champlin Final Judgments: Duty and Emotion in Roman Wills, 200 B.C.-A.D. 250 (Princeton, 1989).
• J.A. Crook Legal Advocacy in the Roman World (Ithaca, 1995).
• J. A. Crook Law and Life in Republican Rome (Ithaca, 1967).
• F. Jolowicz Historical Introduction to the Study of Roman Law (Cambridge, 1962).
• A. Watson Roman Slave Law (Baltimore, 1987).
• A. Watson International Law in Archaic Rome: War and Religion (Baltimore, 1993).

V. Religious History

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Cicero On Divination
• Cicero On the Nature of the Gods
• M. Beard, J. North and S. Price Religions of Rome, vol. 2. A Sourcebook (Cambridge, 1998).
• E. Lane and R. MacMullen Paganism and Christianity, 100-425 C.E.: A Sourcebook (Minneapolis, 1992).
• Eusebius History of the Church
• J. Gager Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World (Oxford, 1992).
• Ovid Fasti

B.Secondary: select three of the following in consultation with your professor.

• M. Beard, S. Price and J. North Religions of Rome, vol. 1. A History (Cambridge, 1998).
• M. Beard and J. North Pagan Priests: Religion and Power in the Ancient World (Ithaca, 1990).
• G. Dumezil Archaic Roman Religion (Chicago, 1966).
• G. Fowden The Egyptian Hermes (Princeton, 1986).
• W.H.C. Frend The Rise of Christianity (Philadelphia, 1984).
• R. Lane Fox Pagans and Christians (New York, 1986).
• S. Price Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor (Cambridge, 1984).
• R. Turcan The Cults of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1996).

VI. Provinces

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor

• N. Lewis and M. Rheinhold Roman Civilization 3rd ed. vol. II ch. 4
• Josephus Jewish Wars
• Pliny the Younger Letters book 10
• Aelius Aristides Orations, especially To Rome
• Dio Chrysostom Orations
• Apuleius The Golden Ass
• A. Bowman The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (London, 1994)
• J. Reynolds Aphrodisias and Rome (London, 1989).

B.Secondary (select three of the following in consultation with your professor)

• S. Alcock Graecia Capta: The Landscapes of Roman Greece (Cambridge, 1993).
• A. Bowman Egypt After the Pharaohs (Berkeley, 1986).
• A.H.M. Jones The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces (Oxford, 1971).
• D. Magie Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Princeton, 1950).
• D.J. Mattingly Tripolitania (Ann Arbor, 1994).
• F. Millar The Roman Near East 31 BC - AD 337 (Cambridge, 1993).
• S. Mitchell Anatolia (Oxford, 1993).
• A. Mocsy Pannonia and Upper Moesia (London, 1974).
• P. Salway The Oxford Illustrated History of Roman Britain (Oxford, 1994).
• G. Woolf Becoming Roman. The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul (Cambridge, 1998).

VII. The Roman Army

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor.

• Polybius Histories book 6
• Caesar The Gallic Wars
• Anonymous De rebus bellicis
• Frontinus Stratagemata
• Vegetius De re militari

B.Secondary (select three of the following in consultation with your professor)

• A. Birley The Roman Army Papers, 1929-1986 (Amsterdam, 1986).
• J.B. Campbell The Emperor and the Roman Army, 31 BC-AD235 (Oxford, 1984).
• H. Elton Warfare in Roman Europe, AD 350-425 (Oxford, 1996).
• E. Gabba Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies (Berkeley, 1976).
• A. Goldsworthy The Roman army at war, 100 BC-AD 200 (Oxford, 1996).
• L. Keppie The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire (Totowa, 1984).
• E. Luttwak The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (Baltimore, 1976).
• M. Speidel Roman Army Studies (Amsterdam, 1984).
• C.R. Whittaker Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Baltimore, 1994).

VIII. Cultural History

A. Primary: select two of the following in consultation with your professor

• Suetonius Lives of the Grammarians and Rhetors
• Virgil Aeneid
• Horace Odes and Satires
• Propertius Elegies

B.Secondary (select three of the following in consultation with your professor)

• G. Bowersock Hellenism in Late Antiquity (Ann Arbor, 1990).
• E. Gruen Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome (Ithaca, 1992).
• W.V. Harris Ancient Literacy (Cambridge, 1989).
• H.I. Marrou A History of Education in Antiquity (Madison, 1956).
• R.A. Kaster Guardians of Language (Berkeley, 1988).
• E. Rawson Roman Culture and Society (Oxford, 1991)
• E. Rawson Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic (Baltimore, 1985).
• A. Wallace-Haddrill Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum (Princeton, 1994).

IX. Late Antiquity

A. Primary (select two of the following in consultation with your professor)

• Ammianus Marcellinus Histories books 14-31
• Procopius Histories of the Wars and Secret History
• Augustine Confessions
• Eunapius Lives of the Sophists
• Symmachus Relationes
• Eusebius Life of Constantine
• Gregory of Nazianzen Or. 43: Funeral Oration on the Life of Basil
• Socrates Scholasticus History of the Church

B. Secondary (select three of the following in consultation with your professor)

• T.D. Barnes Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, 1981).
• P. Brown The World of Late Antiquity (London, 1981).
• P. Brown Augustine of Hippo (Berkeley 1967).
• J.B. Bury History of the Later Roman Empire (New York, 1958).
• A. Cameron The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity (London, 1993).
• A. Cameron et al. ed. The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 13, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1998).
• G. Fowden From Empire to Commonwealth (Princeton, 1994).
• P. Heather Goths and Romans 332-489 (Oxford, 1991).
• A.H.M. Jones The Later Roman Empire (Oxford, 1964).
• J. Matthews The Roman Empire of Ammianus (Baltimore, 1989).
• J. Matthews Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court AD 364-425 (Oxford, 1975).

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